Experimental study on single wave overtopping of sloping seawall under oblique and multidirectional irregular waves

Extensive three-dimensional physical model tests have been performed to study the single wave overtopping of sloping seawall underoblique and multidirectional irregular waves. The angle of wave attack varies from 0°to 45°with the directional spreading of 0°~ 25°. The seaw alls contain two types of armor:concrete and do losse. For the concrete armor seawall a formula of single wave overtopping is derived by fitting the cumulative frequencies of single wave overtopping using a three-parameter Weibull function, of which the coefficient and the percentage of overtopping are fixed for different conditions. For the dolo ssearmor seawall the maximal single wave overtopping of about 100 waves is investigated.