基于长度贝叶斯生物量估算法的北部湾带鱼资源评估

张曼; 王雪辉; 王淼娣; 杜飞雁; 孙典荣; 王亮根; 王跃中; 许柳雄; 邱永松

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022002

基于长度贝叶斯生物量估算法的北部湾带鱼资源评估

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022002

张曼^{1, 2,},
王雪辉^2, ,,
王淼娣^{1, 2},
杜飞雁²,
孙典荣²,
王亮根²,
王跃中²,
许柳雄¹,
邱永松²

1.
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院，上海 201306
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室/农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室，广东广州 510300

基金项目: 国家科技基础资源调查专项（2017FY201405，2018FY100105）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费（2019HY-JC0203，2019GH02）；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（2021SD14）；中越北部湾共同渔区联合调查

详细信息

作者简介:
张曼（1996—），女，河南省信阳市人，研究方向为渔业生物学与资源评估。E-mail：2721327717@qq.com

通讯作者:
王雪辉(1975—)，男，博士，副研究员，从事渔业资源调查与评估、渔业生物学等研究。E-mail：wxhscs@163.com

中图分类号: S932.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-01
- 修回日期: 2021-06-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-12
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-14

Assessment of Trichiurus haumela stocks in the Beibu Gulf based on length-based Bayesian biomass estimation method

1.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment/Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China

摘要

摘要: 带鱼是南海西北部北部湾主要经济鱼类种群之一，估算其种群参数和评估其资源状况对北部湾渔业资源管理具有重要意义。本文利用2006−2016年北部湾带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)的生物学数据，通过长度贝叶斯生物量估算法（Length-based Bayesian Biomass Estimation Method，LBB）估算带鱼的渐近肛长(L_inf)、最适开捕肛长(L_{c_opt})、相对自然死亡率(M/k)、相对捕捞死亡率(F/k)、捕捞强度(F/M)和开发率(E)，并评估其资源状况(相对现存生物量，B/B₀)。带鱼的L_inf为44.4 cm，L_{c_opt}均值为28.5 cm，M/k和F/k均值分别为1.32、2.76，F/M为2.20，E为0.67，B/B₀均值为0.16。经逻辑斯蒂曲线拟合，带鱼的平均最小性成熟肛长为28.63 cm。研究表明, 当前北部湾带鱼处于过度开发的状态，现存资源量较低，群体结构简单，呈小型化。
- 数据受限 /
- 长度贝叶斯生物量估算法 /
- 资源状况 /
- 种群参数 /
- 带鱼 /
- 北部湾
Abstract: Trichiurus haumela is one of the major commercial fish populations in the Beibu Gulf of the northwestern South China Sea. It is of great significance to estimate population parameters and assess the stock status of T. haumela for the fishery management in the Beibu Gulf. Based on the biological data of T. haumela collected in the Beibu Gulf from 2006 to 2016, the asymptotic length (L_inf), the optimal length-at-first-capture (L_{c_opt}), relative mortality (M/k and F/k), exploitation rate (E), and relative biomass (B/B₀) are estimated using the length-based Bayesian biomass estimation method (LBB). The results show that the L_inf is 44.4 cm, the mean of L_{c_opt} is 28.5 cm, the mean of M/k and F/k are 1.32 and 2.76, the F/M is 2.20 and the E and B/B₀ are 0.67 and 0.16, respectively. The anal length of the first gonadal maturation (L_50%) is 28.63 cm fitted by Logistic models. The results show that the current stock of T. haumela in the Beibu Gulf is over-exploited, the extant biomass is relatively low, the length-frequency tendes to simplification and miniaturization.
- data-limited /
- length-based Bayesian biomass estimation method /
- stock status /
- population parameters /
- Trichiurus haumela /
- Beibu Gulf

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图 1 北部湾底拖网采样站位示意图

Fig. 1 Sketch map of bottom trawl sampling stations in the Beibu Gulf

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 带鱼肛长频率分布

圆圈表示聚合的长度频率；蓝色曲线表示估算Z/k的初步拟合

Fig. 2 Frequency distribution of anal length of Trichiurus haumela

The circles indicate the aggregated length frequencies；the blue curves indicate a preliminary fit to estimate Z/k

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 带鱼性成熟度与肛长拟合的逻辑斯蒂曲线

黑点表示实际性成熟占比；红点表示初次性成熟；黑线表示预测性成熟占比

Fig. 3 Logistic curve fitted for the relationship between anal length and observed proportion of mature individuals of Trichiurus haumela

Black dots indicate the actual proportion of sexual maturation; red dots indicate primary sexual maturation; black lines indicate the proportion of predictive sexual maturation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

4 2006−2016年北部湾带鱼种群参数及资源状况年际变化

4 Interannual variation of population parameters and stock status of Trichiurus haumela in the Beibu Gulf from 2006 to 2016

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2006−2016年北部湾带鱼肛长组成

Tab. 1 Anal length composition of Trichiurus haumela in the Beibu Gulf from 2006 to 2016

年份	肛长范围/cm	肛长均值/cm	优势肛长/cm	尾数
2006	3.2～44.0	21.4	24.0～24.9	1140
2007	6.1～40.0	20.0	−	940
2008	13.1～39.5	22.4	19.0～25.9	147
2009	16.2～38.0	21.4	19.0～20.9	33
2010	10.5～42.7	19.9	16.0～22.9	246
2011	9.2～31.4	16.5	15.0～18.5	62
2012	9.2～31.4	17.1	12.0～16.7	169
2013	6.6～44.0	18.9	17.0～20.9	259
2014	6.1～30.9	16.8	12.0～14.9	286
2015	14.7～24.5	19.5	17.0～22.5	90
2016	10.5～36.4	18.6	15.0～19.6	60
2006−2016	3.2～44.0	20.0	19.0～19.9	3 432
注：−代表无优势肛长。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 根据LBB估算2006−2016年不同组距带鱼的种群参数及资源状况

Tab. 2 The population parameters and stock status of different groups of Trichiurus haumela estimated by LBB from 2006 to 2016

组距/cm	L_inf/cm	L_{c_opt}/cm	M/k	F/k	F/M	E	B/B₀	L_mean/L_opt	L_c/L_{c_opt}	L_95th/L_inf
0.5	43.9	28	1.58	1.95	1.26	0.55	0.26	0.78	0.67	0.95
1.0	44.7	27	1.35	2.71	2.02	0.66	0.15	0.76	0.64	0.95
1.5	44.6	28	1.32	2.92	2.19	0.69	0.13	0.75	0.65	0.96
2.0	44.5	31	1.03	3.45	3.34	0.77	0.08	0.73	0.61	0.99
平均值	44.4	28.5	1.32	2.76	2.20	0.67	0.16	0.76	0.64	0.96
变异系数	0.008	0.06	0.17	0.2	0.39	0.14	0.48	0.03	0.04	0.02
注：L_mean表示渔获物平均长度；L_95th表示95%被渔具保留的长度。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同海域带鱼的种群参数

Tab. 3 Population parameters of Trichiurus haumela in different sea areas

海域	年份	L_inf/cm	初次性成熟肛长 L_50%/cm	M/k	F/k	F/M	E
福建海区^[36]	1976	71.2	−	2.28	2.57	1.13	0.53
福建海区^[36]	1994	67.8	−	2.22	4.39	1.98	0.67
东海^[37]	1990−2007	49.8	−	1.32	8.16	6.19	0.86
南海北部^[38]	1981−1982	62.2	32.20	1.32	−	−	0.71
南海北部^[16]	1997−1999	70.0	27.60	1.44	9.74	6.74	0.87
北部湾(本文)	2006−2016	44.4	28.63	1.32	2.76	2.20	0.67
南海北部^[24]	2014−2015	58.5	24.15	2.38	3.49	1.48	0.59
注：−表示文献中未找到相应参数。

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