海草床微生物研究进展

蔡泽富; 陈石泉; 吴钟解; 沈捷; 谢珍玉; 骆丽珍; 庞巧珠; 章翔; 王道儒

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021032

海草床微生物研究进展

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021032

蔡泽富^{1, 2, 3,},
陈石泉^{1, 2},
吴钟解^{1, 2},
沈捷^{1, 2, ,},
谢珍玉³,
骆丽珍¹,
庞巧珠¹,
章翔³,
王道儒^{1, 2}

1.
海南省海洋与渔业科学院，海南海口 571126
2.
海南热带海洋学院热带海洋生物资源利用与保护教育部重点实验室，海南三亚 572022
3.
海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室，海南海口 570228

基金项目: 海南省自然科学基金项目（419QN255，319QN251，419QN254）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0506104）；2019年海南省本级部门预算项目“海南岛地区泰来草的保护遗传学研究”；中央引导地方科技发展专项项目（ZY2019HN03）。

详细信息

作者简介:
蔡泽富（1984-），男，海南省定安县人，从事海草生态研究。E-mail：caizefu@126.com

通讯作者:
沈捷（1986-）女，上海市人，博士，从事海草分子生物学研究。E-mail：shenjie_hnhky@163.com

中图分类号: Q938
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-15
- 修回日期: 2020-11-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-26
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-01

The research progress of microorganisms in seagrass meadows

Cai Zefu^{1, 2, 3
,},
Chen Shiquan^{1, 2},
Wu Zhongjie^{1, 2},
Shen Jie^{1, 2
, ,},
Xie Zhenyu³,
Luo Lizhen¹,
Pang Qiaozhu¹,
Zhang Xiang³,
Wang Daoru^{1, 2}

1.
Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

摘要

摘要: 海草是一类生长于海洋环境中的单子叶植物。细菌、真菌、微藻、古生菌和病毒等微生物栖息在海草器官及其周围环境中，对海草生长、营养和健康以及海草床物质循环起着重要作用。本文通过分析与总结国内外参考文献，简要介绍了海草床微生物的一些新的研究进展，并讨论了将来可能进行的研究方向。海草微生物组与沉积物和海水中的微生物群落存在较大差异，其分布在离散且高度异质性的生态位，且该模式在广泛的地理尺度上保持不变，不是受海草种类和沉积物类型控制，而是主要取决于环境驱动与海草代谢。大部分海草核心微生物群落都参与硫循环。今后可采用模拟实验、生态模型、基因组、宏基因组、转录组与代谢组等技术方法研究海草床微生物的多样性、组成、功能、定植与病害等。此外，揭示海草床中微生物、海草和环境之间的相互关系，对保护受威胁的海草床具有重要意义。
- 海草床 /
- 共生功能体 /
- 核心微生物组 /
- 多样性 /
- 环境
Abstract: Seagrass are a kind of monocotyledonous plants growing in marine environments. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, microalgae, archaea and viruses inhabiting seagrass organs and environment play an important role in controlling growth, nutrition and health of seagrass, and maintaining material cycling in seagrass meadows. In this paper, we briefly summarized some recent progresses in studying of microorganisms in seagrass meadows, and discussed the possible directions for future research in this area. Seagrasses microbiome is significantly different from the microbial community in sediment and seawater, which is distributed in discrete and highly heterogeneous ecological niches, and the model remains consistent on a wide geographical scale. It is not controlled by the seagrasses species and sediment types, but mainly depended on the environment and the metabolism of seagrasses. Most seagrass core microbial communities are associated with the sulfur cycle. In the future, methods such as simulation experiment, the ecological model, genome, metagenome, metatranscriptome and metabolome can be used to study diversity, composition, function, colonization and diseases of microorganisms in seagrass meadows. Additionally, it is of great significance to reveal the interrelationships among microorganisms, seagrasses and the environment for the protection of threatened seagrass meadows.
- seagrass meadows /
- holobiont /
- core microbiome /
- diversity /
- environment

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图 1 海草床微生物的分类

Fig. 1 Classification of microorganisms in seagrass meadows

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表 1 已知的海草病原体和宿主

Tab. 1 Known seagrass pathogens and hosts

海草宿主	病原体	症状	参考文献
Zostera marina	Oomycetes, Heterokonta	抑制和降低海草种子萌发，抑制幼苗发育	[47−48]
Zostera marina, Zostera muelleri, Zostera caulescens, Zostera japonica, Zostera noltii, Zostera pacifica, Cymodocea nodosa, Posidonia oceanica Ruppia cirrhosa, Ruppia maritima, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia testudinum,	Labyrinthulomycetes,Heterokonta	海草叶子损伤	[51]
Halophila ovalis	Phytomyxea, Rhizaria, Plasmodiophora	枝瘿	[45]
Ruppia brachypus, Ruppia rostellata, Ruppia spiralis, Ruppia maritimus	Phytomyxea, Rhizaria	枝瘿	[45]

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