The impact of Typhoon Lekima on water quality changes in Laizhou Bay

Yang Ziyi; Yang Xuena; Yu Xiaoxia; Liang Shengkang; Song Dehai

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Yang Ziyi，Yang Xuena，Yu Xiaoxia, et al. The impact of Typhoon Lekima on water quality changes in Laizhou Bay[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–14

Citation:

Yang Ziyi，Yang Xuena，Yu Xiaoxia, et al. The impact of Typhoon Lekima on water quality changes in Laizhou Bay[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–14

Citation:

Yang Ziyi，Yang Xuena，Yu Xiaoxia, et al. The impact of Typhoon Lekima on water quality changes in Laizhou Bay[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–14

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The impact of Typhoon Lekima on water quality changes in Laizhou Bay

Yang Ziyi^{1, 2, 3
,},
Yang Xuena^{2, 3},
Yu Xiaoxia^{2, 3},
Liang Shengkang⁴,
Song Dehai^{1, 2
,
,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Land and Sea Ecological Governance and Systematic Regulation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan 250101, China
3.
College of Oceanic and Atmosphere Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

Received Date: 2025-04-14
Rev Recd Date: 2025-08-23

Available Online: 2025-09-05

Abstract

Abstract

In the context of global warming, the intensity of typhoon activity has exhibited an increasing trend. Typhoons are typically associated with heavy rainfall and strong winds, which can result in significant alterations to the nearshore hydrodynamical environment over a short period, thereby triggering pronounced ecological responses. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydro-biogeochemical model was constructed based on the unstructured-grid, Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) to study the impact of Typhoon Lekima (No. 1909) on residual currents, salinity, water quality and nutrient transport in Laizhou Bay (LZB). Sensitivity experiments were conducted to quantify the contributions of river inputs and winds to water quality during the passage of Lekima. The results show that a strong southwest coastal current developed south of the Yellow River Estuary (YRE), and the pattern of residual currents in LZB was characterized by westward inflow and eastward outflow. The heavy rainfall led to a marked increase in freshwater and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fluxes from the surrounding rivers into the bay. Consequently, the surface salinity near the YRE and the southwest coast of LZB decreased rapidly, while DIN concentrations increased. The surface salinity reached the minimum value of 25.91 PSU two days after the passage of Lekima, which was 1.57 PSU lower than pre-typhoon levels. Conversely, surface DIN concentrations peaked at 0.61 mg/L eight days after the passage of Lekima, approximately 1.51 times higher than pre-typhoon levels. Calculations of DIN fluxes through the bay mouth section revealed that the DIN exchange between LZB and the Bohai Sea (BS) occurred in two distinct phases: strong inflow and outflow during the passage of Lekima, with a total of 1.88 kt of DIN transported from LZB to the BS. The contributions of river inputs and winds to water quality were 70.15% and −18.47%, respectively. River input was identified as the primary factor of changes in water quality in LZB, while the direction of residual currents was landward due to the force of typhoon winds, which was adverse to the transport of DIN from LZB to the BS. This study underscores the crucial role of typhoons in regulating water quality changes in coastal bays and provides scientific support for sustainable development and ecological protection in coastal regions.
- Typhoon Lekima,
- Laizhou Bay,
- nutrient transport,
- coastal water quality,
- numerical simulation

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References(47)

References

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