Distribution characteristics of hypoxia and controlling factors on the East China Sea shelf in autumn

Zheng Yang; Wei Qinsheng; Wu Linni; Xin Ming; Zhai Xing; Sun Xia; Xie Linping; Wang Baodong

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025146

Volume 47 Issue 11

Nov. 2025

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Zheng Yang，Wei Qinsheng，Wu Linni, et al. Distribution characteristics of hypoxia and controlling factors on the East China Sea shelf in autumn[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(11)：42–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025146

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Distribution characteristics of hypoxia and controlling factors on the East China Sea shelf in autumn

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025146

Zheng Yang^1
,,
Wei Qinsheng^{1, 2, 3
,
,},
Wu Linni¹,
Xin Ming¹,
Zhai Xing¹,
Sun Xia¹,
Xie Linping¹,
Wang Baodong^{1, 2}

1.
Research Center for Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
3.
Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Qingdao 266061, China

Received Date: 2025-09-01
Rev Recd Date: 2025-10-14

Available Online: 2025-10-25

Publish Date: 2025-11-30

Abstract

Abstract

The Changjiang Estuary-East China Sea (ECS) shelf system is one of the world's largest seasonal hypoxic zones, significantly influencing regional biogeochemical and ecological processes. However, the variation processes and controlling mechanisms during its autumn decay phase remain a limited understanding. Using multidisciplinary survey data collected from the ECS shelf in September 2017, this study documents the spatial distribution of the hypoxic zone and the characteristics of physical and chemical environment in autumn. And through analysis of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes, the controlling factors of hypoxia are further investigated. Results reveal a northeast-southwest oriented bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) minimum zone (DO mass concentration ＜ 4 mg/L, minimum of 2.52 mg/L) over the mid-shelf off Zhejiang within the 40−60 m isobath, showing a certain uplift tendency on its nearshore side. This hypoxic zone is basically within the influence area of the Kuroshio subsurface water (KSSW) nearshore branch (also known as the bottom water of the Taiwan Warm Current). The pycnocline and front structures near the outer edge of this branch restrict oxygen exchange between the hypoxic water and the overlying and surrounding water, providing hydrodynamic conditions that sustain the hypoxia into the autumn. The upwelling of the KSSW nearshore branch is identified as a major cause of the mid-water hypoxia over the inner shelf. Furthermore, the nutrients transported by southeastward offshore expansion of low-salinity water and upwelling at Zhejiang coast serve as a critical material foundation for in situ primary production, which partly modulates the intensity of the hypoxic zone. It is also shown that as the KSSW nearshore branch retreats southward and seaward in autumn, the core of the hypoxic zone moves correspondingly southward and offshore, eventually dissipating. This study provides an important insight into the decay processes and controlling mechanisms of the hypoxic zone in the Changjiang Estuary-ECS shelf system during autumn.
- hypoxic zone,
- Kuroshio Subsurface Water,
- stratification,
- front,
- upwelling,
- biogeochemical process,
- East China Sea shelf

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