Numerical simulation of tides and tidal currents in Sanmen Bay and adjacent waters based on FVCOM

Liu Zhe; Chen Qinsi; Hu Song; Li Na; Huang Daiying; Chen Ruyu; Gu Rongqi

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025097

Volume 47 Issue 10

Oct. 2025

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Liu Zhe，Chen Qinsi，Hu Song, et al. Numerical simulation of tides and tidal currents in Sanmen Bay and adjacent waters based on FVCOM[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(10)：25–40 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025097

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Numerical simulation of tides and tidal currents in Sanmen Bay and adjacent waters based on FVCOM

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025097

Liu Zhe^1
,,
Chen Qinsi^{1, 2},
Hu Song^{1
,
,},
Li Na¹,
Huang Daiying¹,
Chen Ruyu¹,
Gu Rongqi¹

1.
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
Research Center for Monitoring and Environmental Sciences, Taihu Basin & East China Sea Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Authority, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai 200125, China

Received Date: 2025-07-08
Rev Recd Date: 2025-10-11

Available Online: 2025-10-21

Publish Date: 2025-10-31

Abstract

Abstract

Understanding regional tidal processes is of great significance for ensuring the safety of marine engineering construction and mitigating marine environmental pollution. In recent years, frequent marine development activities, particularly land reclamation projects, have been implemented in Sanmen Bay, resulting in measurable alterations to the hydrodynamic environment within the bay. Based on the three-dimensional unstructured-grid finite-volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM), a numerical model for Sanmen Bay and the adjacent waters was established. The model was validated against observed current data from three stations near the bay mouth and tidal elevation data from two stations inside the bay. Based on this validation, the tides and currents distribution characteristics as well as tidal wave propagation in Sanmen Bay and its adjacent waters were analyzed. Furthermore, by comparing the results of sensitivity experiments under the 2000 and 2020 shoreline conditions, the impacts of shoreline changes induced by reclamation on the hydrodynamic environment within the bay were quantitatively assessed. Results demonstrate that the study area exhibits predominantly semidiurnal tides, with the M₂-constituent showing the largest amplitude (1.5−2 m), followed by S₂, both propagating from southeast to northwest. The tidal currents within the bay are primarily rectilinear, with the maximum semi-major axis of the M₂ tidal current ellipse reaching 1 m/s. Residual currents in topographically complex regions can reach 0.4 m/s. Within the bay, the residual flow enters from the northeast coast and exits toward the open sea along the southwest coast. The tidal energy flux density gradually decays during its propagation toward the bay mouth, weakening to about 20 kW/m at the entrance. Comparative analysis reveals that shoreline modifications have enhanced flood dominance within the bay, reduced M₂ amplitude by 0.2 m in the bay-head region. The residual current direction has reversed from outward to inward flow along the northeastern bay mouth, while tidal energy flux density decreased by approximately 40 kW/m in some deeper channels. The numerical simulations show good agreement with field measurements, effectively reflecting recent hydrodynamic conditions in Sanmen Bay and providing scientific support for studying the impact of typical coastal reclamation on hydrodynamics.
- Sanmen Bay,
- FVCOM,
- tides and currents,
- reclamation

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References(23)

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