An introduction to the subsurface velocity maximum structure of the tropical Indo-Pacific interoceanic water exchange

Wei Zexun; Li Mingting; Xu Tengfei; Nie Xunwei; Li Shujiang

doi:10.12284/hyxb20250103

Volume 47 Issue 10

Oct. 2025

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Wei Zexun，Li Mingting，Xu Tengfei, et al. An introduction to the subsurface velocity maximum structure of the tropical Indo-Pacific interoceanic water exchange[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(10)：1–11 doi: 10.12284/hyxb20250103

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An introduction to the subsurface velocity maximum structure of the tropical Indo-Pacific interoceanic water exchange

doi: 10.12284/hyxb20250103

1.
First Institute of Oceanography, and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China

Received Date: 2025-10-05
Accepted Date: 2025-11-10
Rev Recd Date: 2025-10-27

Available Online: 2025-11-11

Publish Date: 2025-10-31

Abstract

Abstract

The tropical Indo-Pacific interocean water exchange, which serves as a critical link in the oceanic thermohaline circulation and the global climate system, is one of the most hotspot oceanography and climate science. Previous observation show that the interocean exchange exhibits a distinct vertical structure, with its subsurface velocity maximum (SVM) occurring in the subsurface layer rather than the surface layer. However, existing studies have insufficient understanding of the variability of this structure as well as the underlying mechanisms. Meanwhile, the impact of SVM induced heat and freshwater transport on the Indo-Pacific climate is unclear. Based on mooring observed sea water velocity profiles, we have identified that the SVM characteristics originating from the Pacific Western Boundary Currents can propagate into the South China Sea and the Indonesian Seas, and persist along the main route of the Indonesian Throughflow from Makassar to the Lombok Strait. We propose the scientific hypothesis that the substantial freshwater and heat fluxes in the Maritime Continent, along with the propagation of equatorial planetary wave, are the key mechanisms governing the maintenance and variability of the SVM in interoceanic exchange. Here, we tried to propose an approach to investigate the SVM and its climate effect, based on observations, numerical simulations, and theoretical analyses. The research outcomes are of great significance for deepening the understanding of the interactions between the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as air-sea interactions, and will provide theoretical support for enhancing the predictability of the Indo-Pacific climate system.
- inter-ocean exchange,
- Indonesian Throughflow,
- subsurface velocity maximum,
- equatorial planetary wave,
- buoyancy effect

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References

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