Analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of stratification in the Indonesian seas and surrounding waters

Liang Haoran; Xie Lingling; Zhou Lei; Zheng Quanan; Li Mingming

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021071

Volume 43 Issue 5

May 2021

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Liang Haoran，Xie Lingling，Zhou Lei, et al. Analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of stratification in the Indonesian seas and surrounding waters[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2021, 43(5)：63–78 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021071

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Analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of stratification in the Indonesian seas and surrounding waters

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021071

Liang Haoran^{1, 2
,},
Xie Lingling^{1, 2, 3
,
,},
Zhou Lei^{4, 5},
Zheng Quanan⁶,
Li Mingming^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Oceanology and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Climate, Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Ocean, Zhanjiang 524088, China
3.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
4.
Marine Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
5.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
6.
Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA

Received Date: 2020-03-20
Rev Recd Date: 2020-08-19

Available Online: 2021-05-24

Publish Date: 2021-07-06

Abstract

Abstract

Using climatological and monthly temperature and salinity data from the World Ocean Atlas 2013 (WOA13) and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation Version 3.3.1 (SODA v3.3.1), this study analyzes the 3D spatiotemporal characteristics of stratification (N²) and pycnocline along the pathways of Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) in the Indonesian seas and surrounding waters in the western Pacific, the South China Sea and the eastern Indian Ocean. The results show that the climatologically mean N² in pycnocline has little difference in all the pathways of the ITF, and the largest value is 10^−3.68 s⁻² in the central pathway and the smallest is 10^−3.71 s⁻² in the eastern pathway. The differences are significant for the depth (D_pyc) and thickness (H_pyc) of the pycnocline along three pathways. The largest values of D_pyc and H_pyc are 124 m and 192 m in the eastern pathway, respectively, followed by values of 99 m and 143 m in the central pathway. Compared to the surrounding oceans, the mean pycnocline depth and thickness of the three pathways in the Indonesian seas are smaller than those in other seas. N² and D_pyc have remarkably seasonal variation with period of one year and inter-annual variability with periods of 4−7 year cycles. The interannual variability may be mainly affected by the ENSO event. Seasonally, the summer N² in the Indonesia seas is less than that in winter (northern hemisphere winter and summer), and the maximum difference between winter and summer can reach two orders of magnitude. The long-term variation trend of N² from 1993 to 2015 shows that the stratification intensifies in most areas of Indonesian seas and surrounding waters, where N² strengthened by nearly 0.1 order of magnitude in 23 years in the middle of the India Ocean and Halmahera Sea.
- Indonesian seas,
- buoyancy frequency,
- pycnocline,
- Indonesia Throughflow,
- ENSO events

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