中国北方砂栖纤毛虫的空间分布及其驱动因素

陈欣怡; 粱月琴; 郑伊珊; 吴成倩; 许媛

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022164

中国北方砂栖纤毛虫的空间分布及其驱动因素

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022164

1.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241
2.
华东师范大学生命科学学院，上海 200241

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（42076103）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFE0133700）。

详细信息

作者简介:
陈欣怡（1998—），女，江苏省无锡市人，主要从事微型生物地理学研究。E-mail: 51203904027@stu.ecnu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
许媛，副研究员，主要从事微型动物群落生态学研究。E-mail: yxu@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q958；P714⁺.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-20
- 修回日期: 2022-05-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-01

Spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of benthic ciliates in northern China

1.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2.
School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

摘要

摘要: 为深入了解不同地理尺度因素对驱动微型生物群落空间结构的相对影响，本研究于2020年10月调查了中国北方14个砂质潮间带的砂栖纤毛虫群落。研究结果如下：（1）检获纤毛虫105种，隶属26目65属，按丰度优势依次为帆口目、小胸目和环毛目；（2）黄海、渤海两区域的环境因子存在显著差异，但纤毛虫群落组成趋于相似；（3）偏Mental分析显示，环境条件较空间距离在纤毛虫群落组成的驱动中更为重要，其中盐度、粒度和海滩坡度是解释纤毛虫空间分布的最优环境因子组合，而潮差和溶解无机氮含量是次要影响因子；（4）沿海区域微型生物的强扩散效应在一定程度上掩盖了环境异质性影响。综上，由于沿海生态系统中微型生物受到更少扩散限制，在空间分布格局的形成上，环境条件的影响比空间距离更重要。本研究为海洋微型生物地理学提供了基础数据，有助于在全球变化背景下制定沙滩管理和保护规划。
- 原生动物 /
- 群落结构 /
- 潮间带 /
- 局域环境 /
- 强扩散
Abstract: In October 2020, we sampled the benthic ciliate communities in 14 sandy intertidal zones in northern China to gain insight into the relative influence of diverse geographical scale parameters on driving the spatial pattern of microbial communities. The main findings were as follow: (1) 105 ciliates were identified belonging to 65 genera and 26 orders, and Pleuronematida, Microthoracida, and Cyclotrichida were the dominant groups; (2) although significant differences in environmental conditions were detected between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the community composition of ciliates did not show significant difference; (3) partial Mental test revealed that environmental factors were more important than spatial distance in determining ciliate community composition, with salinity, grain size, and beach slope were the most important environmental factors in explaining ciliate spatial distribution, while tidal range and dissolved inorganic nitrogen content were less important; (4) in coastal areas, the mass effect of microorganisms somewhat hided the effects of environmental heterogeneity. In conclusion, because microorganisms in coastal environments were less restricted by dispersal, environmental variables played a larger role in the establishment of spatial distribution patterns than spatial distance. This research gives basic information on marine microbial biogeography, which can aid beach management and conservation planning in the face of global change.
- protozoa /
- community structure /
- intertidal zone /
- local environment /
- mass effect

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图 1 研究站位分布及海滩坡度计算示意图

1. 长兴岛海滨公园；2. 鲅鱼圈沙滩；3. 兴海沙滩；4. 山海关老龙头海水浴场；5. 唐山碧海浴场；6. 金脉广场沙滩；7. 大连金石滩；8. 烟台第一海水浴场；9. 爱莲湾；10. 大辛家沙滩；11. 石老人海水浴场；12. 青岛银沙滩；13. 日照荷兰假日海滩；14. 连云港东西连岛海滩

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of study station distribution and beach slope computation

1. Changxingdao Seashore Park; 2. Bayuquan Beach; 3. Xinghai Beach; 4. the Old Dragon’s Head Bathing Beach; 5. Bihai Bathing Beach of Tangshan; 6. Jinmai-Square Beach; 7. Jinshi Beach of Dalian; 8. the First Bathing Beach of Yantai; 9. Ailian Bay; 10. Daxinjia Beach; 11. Shilaoren Bathing Beach; 12. Qingdao Silver Beach; 13. Rizhao Dutch Holiday Beach; 14. Lianyungang East and West Liandao Beach

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图 2 环境因子趋势图

Fig. 2 Environmental factors trend graph

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图 3 各样点砂栖纤毛虫类群组成

Fig. 3 The community composition of the benthic ciliates at various sampling sites

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图 4 砂栖纤毛虫多样性的空间分布

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of diversity of benthic ciliates

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图 5 黄海、渤海砂栖纤毛虫群落NMDS排序图

Fig. 5 A ranking map of benthic ciliate communities based on the NMDS in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

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图 6 本研究中沉积物中值粒径、孔隙水的溶解无机氮含量与砂栖纤毛虫群落物种数、个体数、藻食性和菌食性功能群关系的散点图

Fig. 6 Scatter plots of SED, pore water DIN in relation to the number of species, individuals, algivores, and bactivores functional groups in this study’s benthic ciliate community

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表 1 砂栖纤毛虫群落丰度优势物种在黄海、渤海的组成及分布

Tab. 1 Composition and distribution of benthic ciliates abundance-dominant species in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

种名	渤海	黄海
尖梭刺膜袋虫（Acucyclidium atractodes）	+++	++
棕色楯纤虫（Aspidisca fusca）	+
斯坦楯纤虫（Aspidisca steini）	+	++
三角齿管虫（Chlamydodon triquetrus）	+	++
德氏篷体虫（Chlamydonella derouxi）	++	+
中型发袋虫（Cristigera media）	+
瞬闪膜袋虫（Cyclidium glaucoma）	++	++
针毛双眉虫（Diophrys hystrix）	+	+
盾圆双眉虫（Diophrys scutum）	++
乳突盘毛虫（Discotricha papillifera）	+++	++
坚实表叶虫（Epiphyllum soliforme）	+	+
柠檬镰膜袋虫（Falcicyclidium citriforme）	+++	++
方氏镰膜袋虫（Falcicyclidium fangi）	++	++
细纤刺叶虫（Kentrophyllum fibrillatum）	++	++
刚毛刺叶虫（Kentrophyllum setigerum）	++	++
有肋薄咽虫（Leptopharynx costatus）	++	++
拟迟钝洛佩虫（Lopezoterenia paratorpens）	+
蠕状斜叶虫（Loxophyllum verrucosum）		+
蚤状中缢虫（Mesodinium pulex）	+	+++
简单小胸虫（Microthorax simplex）	++	+++
装饰异偏体虫（Mirodysteria decora）	+
长拟盘头虫（Paradiscocephalus elongatus）	++
佛氏环须虫（Peritromus faurei）		+
冠帆口虫（Pleuronema coronatum）	+
少毛帆口虫（Pleuronema paucisaetosum）	++	++
刚毛帆口虫（Pleuronema setigerum）	++	+
维氏帆口虫（Pleuronema wiackowskii）	++	++
活泼拟小胸虫（Pseudomicrothorax agilis）	+
邓氏伪扁丝虫（Pseudoplatynematum dengi）		+
具齿伪扁丝虫（Pseudoplatynematum denticulatum）		++
侯氏柔页虫（Sathrophilus holtae）	++	++
扁柔页虫（Sathrophilus planus）	++
艾氏裂纱虫（Schizocalyptra aeschtae）		++
小冠须虫（Stephanopogon minuta）		++
弓形腹梭虫（Trachelocerca sagitta）	++	++
注：+表示个体数量占总体数量1%以下；++表示个体数量占总体数量的1%～10%；+++表示个体数量占总体数量的10%以上。

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表 2 砂栖纤毛虫多样性指数与环境因子的皮尔逊相关分析

Tab. 2 Correlation investigation of benthic ciliate diversity indices with environmental conditions using Pearson’s correlation analysis

环境因子	s	N	J '
ORP	−0.07	−0.06	−0.50
S	−0.14	−0.23	−0.15
${ {\rm{SiO} }_3^{2-} }$含量	−0.40	0.10	−0.21
${{\rm{NO} }_2^- }$含量	0.25	0.28	−0.03
${{\rm{NH} }_4^+ }$含量	0.32	0.51	−0.18
${{\rm{PO} }_4^{3-}}$含量	−0.07	0.37	0.09
${{\rm{NO} }_3^-}$含量	−0.17	−0.30	0.23
DIN含量	0.09	0.47	−0.27
TOC含量	0.60**	0.36	−0.10
Chl a含量	0.63*	0.55*	−0.03
SED	−0.68**	−0.40	0.39
Slope	−0.52	−0.10	0.32
maxTR	0.43	−0.20	0.19
注：在0.05级别（双尾），相关性显著；*在0.01级别（双尾），相关性极显著。

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表 3 与群落结构相关性最密切的环境因子组合

Tab. 3 The most closely connected environmental parameters with community structure

变量个数	相关系数	组合因子
3	0.613	S、SED、Slope
2	0.590	S、SED
4	0.574	S、DIN含量、SED、Slope
4	0.556	S、SED、Slope、maxTR
4	0.546	S、${\rm{NH} }_4^+$含量、SED、Slope

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表 4 纤毛虫群落的非相似性与环境和空间距离间的Mantel检验和偏Mantel检验

Tab. 4 Mantel test and partial Mantel test for non-similarity between ciliate communities and environmental and spatial variables

距离矩阵	R	p
环境距离矩阵	0.626	0.001
环境距离矩阵 \| 空间距离矩阵	0.628	0.001
空间距离矩阵	0.167	0.074
空间距离矩阵 \| 环境距离矩阵	0.177	0.073

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