The difference in thermal tolerance between Acropora muricata and Acropora hyacinthus
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摘要: 全球变暖导致珊瑚大规模白化事件频发，珊瑚礁生态系统加速退化。国际上通常采用珊瑚移植的方式来修复退化的珊瑚礁，其中移植的珊瑚中鹿角珊瑚（Acropora）占大部分。然而，快速生长的枝状鹿角珊瑚对热更敏感，影响其在日益变暖的海洋环境中的修复效果。为了了解鹿角珊瑚的高温响应模式以及耐热性差异，本研究对广西涠洲岛美丽鹿角珊瑚（Acropora muricata）和风信子鹿角珊瑚（Acropora hyacinthus）进行了高温胁迫实验。通过生理生化指标分析，高温胁迫后，美丽鹿角珊瑚触手收缩、颜色变淡，抗氧化物（超氧化物歧化酶、还原型谷胱甘肽、过氧化氢酶）、铵同化酶（谷氨酰胺合成酶）以及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3（caspase-3）的活性（含量）水平表现为先升后降的趋势，风信子鹿角珊瑚的响应模式也几乎保持一致（除超氧化物歧化酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶外）。在34℃下，风信子鹿角珊瑚的生理指标表现更佳，超氧化物歧化酶、铵同化酶和caspase-3始终保持高活性及灵敏反应，意味着风信子鹿角珊瑚通过提高这些蛋白酶活性来抵抗高温环境，其比美丽鹿角珊瑚更具耐热性。本研究揭示了两种鹿角珊瑚高温胁迫下的生理响应模式，并比较了两者之间的耐热性差异，为耐热珊瑚挑选和珊瑚礁生态修复提供理论依据。Abstract: Global warming has led to frequent large-scale coral bleaching events, accelerating the degradation of coral reef ecosystems. Internationally, coral transplantation is commonly employed as a method to restore degraded coral reefs, with Acropora species constituting the majority of the transplanted corals. However, fast-growing branching Acropora corals are more sensitive to heat, which affects their restoration efficacy in the increasingly warming marine environment. To understand the thermal response patterns and thermal tolerance differences of Acropora, this study conducted high-temperature stress experiments on Acropora muricata and Acropora hyacinthus from Weizhou Island, Guangxi. Through the analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators, it was observed that after high-temperature stress, A. muricata exhibited tentacle retraction and color fading, and the activity levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase), ammonium assimilation enzyme (glutamine synthetase), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. A. hyacinthus showed a similar response pattern, except for superoxide dismutase and glutamine synthetase. At 34℃, A. hyacinthus performed better in physiological indicators, with superoxide dismutase, ammonium assimilation enzyme, and caspase-3 maintained high activity and sensitive response, indicating that A. hyacinthus resists high-temperature environments by increasing the activity of these proteases, and it is more heat-tolerant than A. muricata. This study revealed the physiological response patterns of the two Acropora species under high-temperature stress and compared their thermal tolerance differences, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of heat-tolerant corals and the ecological restoration of coral reefs.
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Key words:
- Weizhou Island /
- Acropora /
- high-temperature stress /
- thermal tolerance /
- coral reef restoration
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图 1 采样区域和实验方法
A.红色星形为具体采样海域，a1为美丽鹿角珊瑚苗圃，a2为风信子鹿角珊瑚苗圃；B. 2022年11月至2023年11月自然海区温度，采用HOBO水下温度计（Onset公司，美国）实测；C. 高温胁迫实验设计方法。
Fig. 1 Sampling locations and experimental method
Fig.1 A. The red star is the sampling area，a1 is the Acropora muricata nursery, a2 is the Acropora hyacinthus nursery; B. The natural sea temperature from November 2022 to November 2023 was measured by the HOBO underwater thermometer (Onset, USA); C. Method of heat-stress experiment design
图 2 两种鹿角珊瑚在高温胁迫过程中表型变化
A1-A3.美丽鹿角珊瑚；B1-B3.风信子鹿角珊瑚
Fig. 2 Phenotypic changes of two species of staghorn corals under heat-stress
A1-A3. Acropora muricata ; B1-B3. Acropora hyacinthus
图 3 两种鹿角珊瑚高温胁迫过程中生理指标变化误差线表示多次重复所得平均值的标准误差。方框里为双因素ANOVA方差分析温度（T）、珊瑚物种（S）及其交互关系（T×S）（*p＜0.05，**p＜0.01，***p＜0.001）。不同小写字母表示温度处理之间的参数存在显著差异（p＜0.05）。横线上的星号表示在同一温度下两种珊瑚之间存在显著差异（*p＜0.05，**p＜0.01，***p＜0.001）。
Fig. 3 Changes of physiological indexes under heat-stress in two species of staghorn corals In the box are two-way ANOVA for temperature (T), coral species (S) and their interaction (T×S) （*p＜0.05，**p＜0.01，***p＜0.001）.Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in parameters between temperature treatments（p＜0.05）. The asterisk on the line indicates a significant difference between the two corals at the same temperature（*p＜0.05，**p＜0.01，***p＜0.001）.
图 4 两种鹿角珊瑚高温胁迫过程中生化指标变化误差线表示多次重复所得平均值的标准误差。方框里为双因素ANOVA方差分析温度（T）、珊瑚物种（S）及其交互关系（T×S）（*p＜0.05，**p＜0.01，***p＜0.001）。不同小写字母表示温度处理之间的参数存在显著差异（p＜0.05）。横线上的星号表示在同一温度下两种珊瑚之间存在显著差异（*p＜0.05，**p＜0.01，***p＜0.001）。
Fig. 4 Changes of biochemical indexes under heat-stress in two types of staghorn corals In the box are two-way ANOVA for temperature (T), coral species (S) and their interaction (T×S) （*p＜0.05，**p＜0.01，***p＜0.001）.Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in parameters between temperature treatments（p＜0.05）. The asterisk on the line indicates a significant difference between the two corals at the same temperature（*p＜0.05，**p＜0.01，***p＜0.001）.
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