中国南海北部海域<sup>239+240</sup>Pu的来源与变化趋势研究

黄亚楠; 刘志勇; 管永精

中国南海北部海域^239+240Pu的来源与变化趋势研究

黄亚楠^{1, 2,},
刘志勇³,
管永精⁴

1.
南宁师范大学环境与生命科学学院，广西，南宁 530001
2.
中山大学海洋科学学院，广东珠海 519082
3.
苏州大学放射医学与防护学院，江苏，苏州 215123
4.
广西大学物理科学与工程技术学院，广西，南宁 530004

基金项目: 南宁师范大学博士科研启动项目（602021239517）。

详细信息

作者简介:
黄亚楠（），男，籍贯，研究方向，邮箱：highttee@163.com

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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-08
- 修回日期: 2024-11-01
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-02

Research on the sources and trends of ^239+240Pu in the Northern South China Sea

1.
School of Environment and Life sciences, Nanning Normal University, Guangxi Nanning 530001
2.
School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Zhuhai, 519082
3.
School of Radiation Medicine and protection, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215123
4.
School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Nanning 530004

摘要

摘要: 本文对中国南海北部海域海水、珊瑚、贝壳和沉积物中^239+240Pu浓度或比活度、²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu原子比值和^239+240Pu累积通量等283个站位数据进行整理，归纳总结了该海域^239+240Pu在表层海水、水柱、表层沉积物以及柱样沉积物中的来源与变化趋势。根据端元模型研究结果表明，目前全球大气沉降（GF）和太平洋核试验场（PPG）是中国南海北部海域所调查环境样品中^239+240Pu的主要来源。同时，根据迁移模型发现水柱中^239+240Pu浓度峰值所对应的海水深度与其迁移速率呈现正相关的线性关系。表层沉积物有机质含量或粒度与^239+240Pu比活度相关性具有分段性质，分别呈现正相关性和负相关性。沉积物柱样中^239+240Pu的沉积速率在数值上通常要大于等于可交换态^239+240Pu的表观对流速率，并且柱样中^239+240Pu的沉积速率与最大表观对流速率呈现显著正相关的线性关系；柱样中可交换态^239+240Pu的最大表观对流速率对沉积速率的影响可以忽略。
- ^239+240Pu /
- 变化趋势 /
- 南海北部海域 /
- 来源
Abstract: This study compiled data on the ^239+240Pu concentration or specific ratio-activity, ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratio, and ^239+240Pu flux or inventory in seawater, corals, shells and sediment samples in the Northern South China Sea. The ^239+240Pu sources and trends in surface seawater, water columns, surface sediments, and sediment cores in this area were presented. According to the two end member model, global fallout (GF) and the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG) were currently the sources of ^239+240Pu in environmental samples investigated from the northern South China Sea. Meanwhile, according to the migration model, it was found for the first time that a positive linear relationship between the water depth corresponding to the ^239+240Pu peak concentration in the water column and its migration rate. The correlation between the organic matter content or particle size of surface sediments and the ^239+240Pu specific ratio-activity had a segmented nature, showing positive and negative correlations, respectively. The numerical result of the ^239+240Pu chrono-marker sedimentation rate in sediment core samples was usually greater than or equal to the maximum apparent diffusion rate of relatively exchangeable ^239+240Pu in the same core sample, and there was a significant positive linear relationship between the sedimentation rate and the maximum apparent diffusion rate, the maximum apparent diffusion rate of relatively exchangeable ^239+240Pu does not affect the sedimentation rate.
- ^239+240Pu /
- Trend /
- Northern South China Sea /
- source

HTML全文

图 1 南海北部海域^239+240Pu采样站位分布

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of ^239+240Pu sampling stations in the northern South China Sea

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图 2 中国南海北部海域表层海水中^239+240Pu浓度的变化

Fig. 2 The variation of ^239+240Pu concentration in surface seawater of the Northern South China Sea over time

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图 3 海水柱样中^239+240Pu浓度的垂向分布

Fig. 3 Vertical distribution of ^239+240Pu concentration in seawater column samples

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图 4 海水柱样中不同来源^239+240Pu扩散速率的比较

Fig. 4 Comparison of diffusion rates of ^239+240Pu from different sources in seawater column samples

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图 5 中国南海北部海域表层沉积物中^239+240Pu与²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu

Fig. 5 ^239+240Pu and ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu in surface sediments of the northern South China Sea

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图 6 中国南部北部海域表层沉积物中粒度分布图

Fig. 6 Particle size distribution in surface sediments of the northern South China Sea

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图 7 中国南部北部海域柱样沉积物中^239+240Pu的垂向分布

Fig. 7 Vertical distribution of ^239+240Pu in sediment cores from the northern South China Sea

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图 8 柱样沉积物中^239+240Pu的沉积速率与最大表观对流速率比较

Fig. 8 Comparison of sedimentation rate and apparent diffusion rate of ^239+240Pu in sediment cores

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表 2 海水柱样中^239+240Pu的扩散速率

Tab. 2 Diffusion rate of ^239+240Pu in seawater column samples

序号	海域	柱样名称	v₁-PPG m/a	R²	v₁-GF m/a	R²	^239+240Pu峰值深度/m	参考文献
1	赤道海域	AQ-7	9±0	0.99	8±1	0.90	600	文献[26,37]
2	南太平洋	AQ-13	14±2	0.92	8±1	0.66	300	文献[26,37]
3	西北太平洋	DR-10	8±1	0.78	7±1	0.78	598	文献[26,38]
4	白令海	DR-13	8±1	0.66	9±1	0.75	405	文献[26,38]
5	南澳大利亚海盆	PA-4	15±1	0.80	13±1	0.90	1000	文献[26,39]
6	珀斯海盆	PA-5	15±1	0.81	13±1	0.89	1000	文献[26,39]
7	西澳大利亚海盆	PA-7	8±1	0.65	6±1	0.63	200	文献[26,39]
8	安达曼海	PA-9	5±1	0.63	5±0	0.80	400	文献[26,39]
9	孟加拉湾	PA-10	5±1	0.49	5±1	0.58	200	文献[26,39]
10	南海北部海域	SEATSII	12±1	0.92	9.84	0.91	500	文献[17,26]

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表 3 南海北部表层沉积物中^239+240Pu(x)与²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu(y)相关关系

Tab. 3 The correlation between ^239+240Pu (x) and ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu (y) in surface sediments of the northern South China Sea

序号	拟合方程	n	R	样品类型	相关性	参考文献
1	y= −0.0021 × (1/x) + 0.269	25	−0.854	沉积物	负相关	文献[21]
2	y= −0.0022 × (1/x) + 0.271	44	−0.705	沉积物	负相关	文献[23]
3	y= −0.00124 × (1/x) + 0.249	36	−0.536	沉积物	负相关	文献[25]
4	Y=0.0184×log₁₀(x)+0.275	91	0.599	沉积物	正相关	文献[41]
5	Y=0.0347×log₁₀(x)+0.238	175	0.439	沉积物	正相关	本研究
6	Y=0.0402×log₁₀(x)+0.233	187	0.486	沉积物+珊瑚	正相关	本研究

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表 4 粒度或有机质与^239+240Pu比活度的相关性分析

Tab. 4 The correlation between particle size or organic matter and ^239+240Pu

序号	项目	区间	拟合方程	n	R	相关性
1	粒度-^239+240Pu	0～20 μm	y=-0.013x+0.388	47	-0.281	负相关
2	粒度-^239+240Pu	20～30 μm	y=-0.038x+1.303	9	-0.904	负相关
3	粒度-^239+240Pu	40～180 μm	y=-0.0005x+0.185	8	-0.445	负相关
4	有机质-^239+240Pu	0～1%	y=0.173x+0.107	21	0.400	正相关
5	有机质-^239+240Pu	1～10%	y=0.050x-0.029	45	0.644	正相关
6	有机质-^239+240Pu	10～20%	y=0.014x-0.100	3	0.954	正相关

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表 1 中国南海北部海域^239+240Pu样品的数据信息

Tab. 1 Information of^239+240Pu samples in the northern South China Sea

序号	^239+240Pu样品类型	采样时间	个数	测试方法	标样验证	参考文献
1	表层海水	1984-1997	9	α谱仪	n.a.	MARIS
2	表层海水	2007前	1	SF-ICP-MS	NBS-947	[14]
3	表层海水	2014-2015	36	α谱仪	n.a.	文献[15]
4	表层海水	2014-2015	1	MC-ICP-MS	IEAE-443	文献[16]
5	海水(表层+柱样)	2012-2013	19	MC-ICP-MS	IEAE-443	文献[17]
6	珊瑚	2018	1	ICP-MS和AMS	n.a.	文献[18]
7	珊瑚	2018	11	ICP-MS和AMS	n.a.	文献[19]
8	柱样沉积物	1996-1997	1	SF-ICP-MS	n.a.	文献[20]
9	沉积物(表层+柱样)	2009-2012	28	SF-ICP-MS	IAEA-368	文献[21]
10	沉积物(表层+柱样)	2012	3	SF-ICP-MS	NIST- 4334I	文献[10]
11	表层沉积物	2013	44	SF-ICP-MS	NBS-947	文献[22]
12	表层沉积物	n.a.	3	SF-ICP-MS	NBS-947	文献[23]
13	表层沉积物	2018	13	ICP-MS/MS	NIST-4334	文献[24]
14	表层沉积物	2021	17	ICP-MS/MS	NIST-4357	文献[11]
15	表层沉积物	2022	36	SF-ICP-MS	n.a.	文献[25]
16	表层沉积物	2006-2010	25	SF-ICP-MS	NIST-4357	文献[26]
17	柱样沉积物	2009-2023	7	SF-ICP-MS	NIST-4357	文献[27]
18	贝壳	2021	5	AMS	UKAEA	文献[28]
19	表层海水	2019	23	ICP-MS/MS	n.a.	文献[29]
注: n.a.表示从原文中无法获得信息. MARIS (Marine Radioactivity Information System): https://maris.iaea.org/

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