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基于盐度松弛试验的南海贯穿流对印尼贯穿流的影响研究

蔡忠瑞 魏泽勋 何志伟 王鼎琦 徐腾飞

蔡忠瑞,魏泽勋,何志伟,等. 基于盐度松弛试验的南海贯穿流对印尼贯穿流的影响研究[J]. 海洋学报,2025,47(8):1–17 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025065
引用本文: 蔡忠瑞,魏泽勋,何志伟,等. 基于盐度松弛试验的南海贯穿流对印尼贯穿流的影响研究[J]. 海洋学报,2025,47(8):1–17 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025065
Cai Zhongrui,Wei Zexun,He Zhiwei, et al. Influence of SCSTF on ITF based on numerical sensitivity experiments of salinity relaxation scheme[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2025, 47(8):1–17 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025065
Citation: Cai Zhongrui,Wei Zexun,He Zhiwei, et al. Influence of SCSTF on ITF based on numerical sensitivity experiments of salinity relaxation scheme[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2025, 47(8):1–17 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025065

基于盐度松弛试验的南海贯穿流对印尼贯穿流的影响研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025065
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(42076023);基本科研业务费专项资金(2024Q02);青岛市博士后资助项目(QDBSH20230202077)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    蔡忠瑞(2000—),男,山东省夏津县人,研究方向为环流数值模拟。E-mail: 1352598127@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    徐腾飞,研究员,主要从事大洋环流及其环境与气候效应的研究。Email: xutengfei@fio.org.cn

  • 中图分类号: P731.21

Influence of SCSTF on ITF based on numerical sensitivity experiments of salinity relaxation scheme

More Information
  • 摘要: 观测表明,南海贯穿流(SCSTF)在北半球冬季输送至望加锡海峡南部的巨大淡水输运,能够通过“淡水阻塞”效应影响印尼贯穿流(ITF)。本文开展了一系列数值试验,发现当卡里马塔海峡盐度增大到和望加锡海峡相当之后,通过卡里马塔海峡的体积输运和淡水输运分别为3.52 Sv和184.03 mSv,和控制试验相比分别增加了4.31%和减少了27.27%,而望加锡海峡上50 m的流量为0.11 Sv,和控制试验相比增加了34.69%;当卡里马塔海峡盐度降低0.1~0.6 psu,卡里马塔海峡处的体积输运和淡水输运分别为3.37 Sv和294.44 mSv,和控制试验相比分别减少了1.57%和增加了16.37%,而望加锡海峡上50 m的流量为0.07 Sv,和控制试验相比减少了12.5%,证实了南海贯穿流淡水输运在其中的作用。和地形封闭试验相比,盐度松弛试验可以较大改变通过卡里马塔海峡的淡水通量,而较小改变通过卡里马塔海峡的体积通量,从而分析SCSTF的低盐度表层水对ITF的影响;同时本文还将松弛试验与降水关闭试验进行了对比,进一步验证了南海冬季低盐水通过卡里马塔海峡向爪哇海的输运对印尼贯穿流的重要影响。
  • 图  1  主要研究范围及敏感性试验中的松弛区域

    红色实线为ITF的流场,红色虚线为SCSTF的流场。在敏感性试验中,盐度被恢复到指定值。其中,红色框表示卡里马塔海峡(Karimata Strait)松弛试验的区域,蓝色框表示望加锡海峡(Makassar Strait)松弛试验的区域

    Fig.  1  The main research domain and relaxation areas in the sensitivity experiments

    The red solid line stands for the ITF, while the red dotted line stands for the SCSTF. Salinity is restored to a specified value. The red box indicates Karimata relaxation region and and the blue box indicates Makassar relaxation region

    图  2  控制试验模式结果与观测数据对比

    a.模式EXP0中北半球夏季混合层温度(阴影)和流速(矢量);b.WOA23数据集中北半球夏季混合层温度(阴影)和SODA再分析数据集中的流速(箭头);c、d与a、b一致,但是为北半球冬季的数据;e–h与a–d一致,但是为盐度数据

    Fig.  2  Comparisons between the outputs of the control experiment EXP0 and observational data

    a. The mixed layer temperature (shaded) and current velocity (vector) in the control experiment in boreal summer (EXP0); b. The mixed layer temperature (shaded) in WOA23 and current velocity (vector) in SODA in boreal summer; c and d are same as a and b, but for temperature in boreal winter; e–h are the same as a–d, but for salinity

    图  3  卡里马塔海峡松弛区域内不同松弛系数 α 下的空间平均混合层盐度

    红点、黑点和蓝点分别表示 12月、1月和2月的情况

    Fig.  3  Area averaged mixed layer salinities in the Karimata relaxation region with different nudging coefficient $ \alpha $

    Red, black and blue dots represent that in December, January and February, respectively

    图  4  混合层盐度、海面高度(SSH)和混合层流速在 EXP1A 与 EXP0 之间,以及 EXP1J 与 EXP0 之间的差异

    a和 b分别为 EXP1A 和 EXP1J 的混合层盐度(阴影)和流速(箭头);c、 d与 a、b相同,但为 SSH

    Fig.  4  Differences of mixed layer salinity, sea surface height (SSH) and mixed layer velocity between EXP1A and EXP0, and between EXP1J and EXP0

    a and b are mixed layer salinity (shading) and velocity (vector) for EXP1A and EXP1J, respectively; c and d are the same as a and b, but for SSH

    图  5  卡里马塔海峡(2°S, 106.2°~110.2°E)中EXP1A 与 EXP0 之间的盐度差异(a) ,EXP1J 与 EXP0 之间的盐度差异(b) ;EXP1A 与 EXP0 之间的经向流速差异(c),EXP1J 与 EXP0 之间的经向流速差异(d)

    Fig.  5  Differences of salinity between EXP1A and EXP0 (a), EXP1J and EXP0 (b), and meridional velocity between EXP1A and EXP0 (c), EXP1J and EXP0 (d) in the Karimata Strait (2°S, 106.2°~110.2°E)

    图  6  望加锡海峡(2.7°S, 116.4°~119°E)中EXP1A 与 EXP0 之间的盐度差异 (a) ,EXP1J 与 EXP0 之间的盐度差异(b) ;EXP1A 与 EXP0 之间的沿海峡流速差异(c) ,EXP1J 与 EXP0 之间的沿海峡流速差异(d)

    Fig.  6  Differences of salinity between EXP1A and EXP0 (a), EXP1J and EXP0 (b) , and along strait velocity between EXP1A and EXP0 (c), EXP1J and EXP0 (d) in the Makassar Strait (2.7°S, 116.4°~119°E)

    图  7  望加锡海峡松弛区域内不同松弛系数$ \alpha $下的空间平均混合层盐度

    红点、黑点和蓝点分别表示 12月、1月和2月的情况

    Fig.  7  Area averaged mixed layer salinities in the Karimata relaxation region with different nudging coefficient $ \alpha $

    Red, black and blue dots represent that in December, January and February, respectively

    图  8  混合层盐度、海面高度(SSH)和混合层流速在 EXP2A 与 EXP0 之间,以及 EXP2J 与 EXP0 之间的差异

    a和 b分别为 EXP2A 和 EXP2J 的混合层盐度(阴影)和流速(箭头);c、d与 a、b相同,但为 SSH

    Fig.  8  Differences of mixed layer salinity, sea surface height (SSH) and mixed layer velocity between EXP2A and EXP0, and between EXP2J and EXP0

    a and b are mixed layer salinity (shading) and velocity (vector) for EXP2A and EXP2J, respectively; c and d are the same as a and b, but for SSH

    图  9  卡里马塔海峡(2°S, 106.2°−110.2°E)中EXP2A 与 EXP0 之间的盐度差异(a),EXP2J 与 EXP0 之间的盐度差异(b);EXP2A 与 EXP0 之间的经向流速差异(c),EXP2J 与 EXP0 之间的经向流速差异(d)

    Fig.  9  Differences of salinity between EXP2A and EXP0 (a), EXP2J and EXP0(b), and meridional velocity between EXP2A and EXP0 (c), EXP2J and EXP0 (d) in the Karimata Strait (2°S, 106.2°−110.2°E)

    图  10  望加锡海峡(2.7°S, 116.4°–119°E)中EXP2A与EXP0之间的盐度差异(a) ;EXP2J与 EXP0之间的盐度差异(b) ;EXP2A与EXP0之间的沿海峡流速差异(c) ;EXP2J与EXP0 之间的沿海峡流速差异(d)

    Fig.  10  Differences of salinity between EXP1A and EXP0 (a), EXP1J and EXP0 (b), and along strait velocity between EXP1A and EXP0 (c), EXP1J and EXP0 (d) in the Makassar Strait (2.7°S, 116.4°–119°E)

    图  11  试验EXP3和EXP0之间的差异结果(2.7°S, 116.4°~119°E)

    a.上层 50 米平均盐度的差异,b.上层 50 米平均海表高度(SSH)和流速(矢量)的差异;c.望加锡海峡垂直剖面的盐度差异,d.望加锡海峡垂直剖面的经向流速$ v $差异

    Fig.  11  Differences between EXP3 and EXP0 (2.7°S, 116.4°~119°E)

    Differences of salinity (a), SSH and current velocity (vector) (b) averaged over the upper 50 meters. Differences of salinity (c) and meridional velocity $ v $ (d) along the vertical profile of the Makassar Strait

    图  12  试验EXP4和EXP0之间的差异结果

    a.上层 50 米平均盐度的差异,b.上层 50 米平均海表高度(SSH)和流速(矢量)的差异;c.卡里马塔海峡垂直剖面的盐度差异,d.卡里马塔海峡垂直剖面的经向流速v差异;e.望加锡海峡垂直剖面的盐度差异,f. 望加锡海峡垂直剖面的经向流速v差异

    Fig.  12  Differences between EXP4 and EXP0

    Differences of salinity (a), SSH and current velocity (vector) (b) averaged over the upper 50 meters. Differences of salinity (c) and meridional velocity v (d) along the vertical profile of the Karimata Strait. Differences of salinity (e) and meridional velocity v (f) along the vertical profile of the Makassar Strait

    表  1  模式垂直分层系数(Cs_w为S坐标下垂向速度w的分层系数,Cs_r为S坐标下水平温度盐度密度流速的分层系数)

    Tab.  1  Vertical layer coefficient of the model (Cs_w is S-coordinate at W-points, while Cs_r is S-coordinate stretching curves at RHO-points)

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Cs_w −1 0.88725 0.78446 0.69138 0.60759 0.53253 0.46559 0.40612 0.35345 0.30695
    Cs_r 0.94237 0.83462 0.73673 0.64836 −0.569 0.49808 0.43496 0.37897 0.32947 0.28582
    11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
    Cs_w 0.26599 −0.23 0.19843 0.17078 0.14662 0.12551 0.10711 0.09109 0.07715 0.06504
    Cs_r 0.24741 0.21369 0.18415 0.15829 0.1357 −0.116 0.09882 0.08388 0.07088 0.0596
    21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
    Cs_w 0.05453 0.04543 0.03756 0.03077 0.02493 0.01992 0.01565 0.01203 0.00899 0.00646
    Cs_r 0.04982 0.04136 0.03404 0.02774 0.02233 0.0177 0.01376 0.01044 0.00766 0.00538
    31 32 33 34 35 36
    Cs_w 0.00441 0.00278 0.00155 0.00068 0.00017 0
    Cs_r 0.00354 0.00211 0.00107 0.00038 −4.2 × 10−5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  松弛试验的松弛系数$ \alpha \left(i\right) $

    Tab.  2  The relaxation coefficient $ \alpha \left(i\right) $ for the relaxation experiment

    试验 每组试验的$ \alpha \left(i\right) $
    卡里马塔海峡盐度
    松弛试验EXP1
    EXP1A
    $ \alpha \left(1\right) $
    EXP1B
    $ \alpha \left(2\right) $
    EXP1C
    $ \alpha \left(3\right) $
    EXP1D
    $ \alpha \left(4\right) $
    EXP1E
    $ \alpha \left(5\right) $
    EXP1F
    $ \alpha \left(6\right) $
    EXP1G
    $ \alpha \left(7\right) $
    EXP1H
    $ \alpha \left(8\right) $
    EXP1I
    $ \alpha \left(9\right) $
    EXP1J
    $ \alpha \left(10\right) $
    −0.5 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
    望加锡海峡盐度
    松弛试验EXP2
    EXP2A
    $ \alpha \left(1\right) $
    EXP2B
    $ \alpha \left(2\right) $
    EXP2C
    $ \alpha \left(3\right) $
    EXP2D
    $ \alpha \left(4\right) $
    EXP2E
    $ \alpha \left(5\right) $
    EXP2F
    $ \alpha \left(6\right) $
    EXP2G
    $ \alpha \left(7\right) $
    EXP2H
    $ \alpha \left(8\right) $
    EXP2I
    $ \alpha \left(9\right) $
    EXP2J
    $ \alpha \left(10\right) $
    −0.5 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  卡里马塔海峡体积输运部分观测数据与模式结果(单位:Sv)

    Tab.  3  Partial observed data and model results of volume transport in the Karimata Strait (Unit: Sv)

    冬季 夏季 方法
    Wyrtki, 1961[39] −4.5 3.0 基于观测数据
    Susanto等, 2013[40] −2.7 1.2 基于观测数据
    Fang等, 2010[14] −3.6 / 基于观测数据
    Wang等, 2011[41] −3.72 1.86 基于观测数据
    Xu和Malanotte-Rizzoli,
    2013[17]
    −3.6 1.1 基于观测数据
    Wang等, 2019[20] −1.99 0.69 基于观测数据
    Xu等, 2021[21] −1.98 ± 0.23 0.47 ± 0.20 基于观测数据
    Fang等, 2005[11] −4.22 1.54 海洋数值模式
    Yu等, 2007[42] 超过−3 接近 0 海洋数值模式
    Fang等, 2009[43] 超过−3 接近−1 海洋数值模式
    He等, 2015[19] 超过−4 接近−1 海洋数值模式
    本文模式结果 −3.42 1.20 海洋数值模式
      注:符号仅代表方向,负号为南向流。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  在试验EXP0、 EXP1A和EXP1J中通过卡里马塔海峡和望加锡海峡的流量及松弛试验与基准试验之差

    Tab.  4  The flux of Karimata Strait and Makassar Strait in EXP0, EXP1A and EXP1J, and differences between relaxation experiments and EXP0

    各海峡通量 EXP0 EXP1A EXP1J
    差值 百分比 差值 百分比
    卡里马塔海峡
    体积通量/Sv −3.42 −3.37 0.05 1.57% −3.52 0.15 4.31%
    热通量/TW −382.17 −381.56 0.61 0.16% −387.25 5.09 1.33%
    淡水通量/mSV −253.01 −294.44 44.43 16.37% −184.03 68.99 27.27%
    望加锡海峡(上50 m)
    体积通量/Sv −0.08 −0.07 0.01 12.5% −0.11 0.03 34.69%
    热通量/TW −7.17 −6.78 0.39 5.42% −10.23 3.06 42.67%
    淡水通量/mSV 9.58 19.30 9.72 101.52% −7.58 17.16 179.18%
    望加锡海峡(全水深)
    体积通量/Sv −11.11 −11.12 0.01 0.09% −11.11 0 0
    热通量/TW −599.03 −599.08 0.05 0.01% −599.04 0.01 0
    淡水通量/mSV 12.24 19.01 6.77 55.36% −2.43 14.67 119.87%
      注:红色表示正值,蓝色表示负值。
      Note: red stands for positive value and blue stands for negative value.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  在试验EXP0、 EXP2A和EXP2J中通过卡里马塔海峡和望加锡海峡的流量及松弛试验与基准试验之差

    Tab.  5  The flux of Karimata Strait and Makassar Strait in EXP0, EXP2A and EXP2J, and differences between relaxation experiments and EXP0

    各海峡通量 EXP0 EXP2A EXP2J
    差值 百分比 差值 百分比
    卡里马塔海峡
    体积通量/Sv −3.42 −3.35 0.08 2.21% −3.51 0.09 2.65%
    热通量/TW −382.17 −376.01 6.16 1.61% −389.87 7.70 2.02%
    淡水通量/mSV −253.01 −249.07 3.94 1.56% −257.72 4.70 1.86%
    望加锡海峡(上50 m)
    体积通量/Sv −0.08 −0.82 0.74 910.49% 0.77 0.85 1044.57%
    热通量/TW −7.17 −83.50 76.33 1065.50% 82.53 89.70 1250.99%
    淡水通量/mSV 9.57 −40.85 50.43 526.66% 31.54 21.97 229.43%
    望加锡海峡(全水深)
    体积通量/Sv −11.11 −15.35 4.24 38.17% −6.27 4.84 43.55%
    热通量/TW −599.03 −440.83 158.20 26.41% −531.70 67.33 11.24%
    淡水通量/mSV 12.24 −321.21 333.45 2724.98% 296.94 284.71 2326.68%
      注:红色表示正值,蓝色表示负值。
      Note: red stands for positive value and blue stands for negative value.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  在试验EXP0、 EXP1J,EXP3和EXP4中通过卡里马塔海峡和望加锡海峡的流量及敏感性试验与基准试验之差

    Tab.  6  The flux of Karimata Strait and Makassar Strait in EXP0, EXP1J, EXP3, and EXP4, and differences between sensitivity experiments and EXP0

    各海峡通量 EXP0 EXP1J (盐度松弛试验) EXP3 (海峡封闭试验) EXP4 (降水改变试验)
    差值 百分比 差值 百分比 差值 百分比
    卡里马塔海峡
    体积通量/Sv −3.42 −3.52 0.15 4.31% −3.45 0.03 0.82%
    热通量/TW −382.17 −387.25 5.09 1.33% −384.70 2.53 0.66%
    淡水通量/mSV −253.01 −184.03 68.99 27.27% −250.71 2.30 0.91%
    望加锡海峡(上50 m)
    体积通量/Sv −0.08 −0.11 0.03 34.69% −3.84 3.76 4635.80% −0.11 0.02 32.84%
    热通量/TW −7.17 −10.23 3.06 42.67% −415.36 408.19 5692.67% −9.27 2.10 29.29%
    淡水通量/mSV 9.57 −7.58 17.16 179.18% −126.45 136.02 1420.63% 7.47 2.11 21.99%
    望加锡海峡(全水深)
    体积通量/Sv −11.11 −11.11 0.00 0.004% −15.69 4.58 41.25% −11.13 0.02 0.16%
    热通量/TW −599.03 −599.04 0.02 0.003% 1020.89 421.84 70.42% −600.16 1.14 0.19%
    淡水通量/mSV 12.24 −2.43 14.69 119.87% −130.64 142.88 1167.63% 10.74 1.49 12.20%
      注:红色表示正值,蓝色表示负值。
      Note: red stands for positive value and blue stands for negative value.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-02-15
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