广西北海红树林湿地小型底栖动物群落结构与时空分布

马千惠; 张鹤露; 陈光程; 欧丹云; 刘晓收

广西北海红树林湿地小型底栖动物群落结构与时空分布

马千惠^{1, 2,},
张鹤露^{1, 2},
陈光程^{3, 4},
欧丹云^{3, 4},
刘晓收^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国海洋大学海洋生命学院海洋生物多样性与进化教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266003
2.
中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所，山东青岛 266003
3.
自然资源部第三海洋研究所，福建厦门 361005
4.
自然资源部北部湾滨海湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站，广西北海 536015

基金项目: 自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费资助项目（海三科2020017）；国家自然科学基金项目（41976131）。

详细信息

作者简介:
马千惠（2000—），女，山东省威海市人，从事小型底栖动物生态学研究。E-mail：mqh0718@163.com

通讯作者:
刘晓收，男，汉族，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail：liuxs@ouc.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-27
- 修回日期: 2025-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-28

Community structure and spatial-temporal distribution of meiofauna in the mangrove wetlands of Beihai, Guangxi, China

Ma Qianhui^{1, 2
,},
Zhang Helu^{1, 2},
Chen Guangcheng^{3, 4},
Ou Danyun^{3, 4},
Liu Xiaoshou^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Marine Life Sciences and MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
2.
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
3.
Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
4.
Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536015, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究广西北海红树林湿地小型底栖动物的群落特征，于2021年1月（冬季）和7月（夏季），在广西北海红树林湿地设置3个断面共9个站位，进行小型底栖动物及环境因子的定量采样。结果表明，冬夏季小型底栖动物的平均丰度分别为（2617.17±973.13）ind./10 cm²和（1173.69±535.75）ind./10 cm²。红树林断面小型底栖动物平均丰度最高，为（2398.23±1502.71）ind./10 cm²，光滩断面最低，为（1539.55±731.04）ind./10 cm²，养殖断面为（1748.50±469.20）ind./10 cm²。冬季小型底栖动物的平均生物量为（3686.93±1096.40）μg dwt/10 cm²，夏季平均生物量为（2258.18±1019.48）μg dwt/10 cm²。光滩断面小型底栖动物的平均生物量最高，为（3650.13±1188.95）μg dwt/10 cm²。养殖断面最低，为（2272.32±531.48）μg dwt/10 cm²。红树林断面为（2995.21±1499.03）μg dwt/10 cm²。各季节及各断面均鉴定出10个小型底栖动物类群，海洋线虫均为最优势类群。光滩断面小型底栖动物群落最为独特，体现在其小型底栖动物的丰度最低而生物量最高，在类群组成上均匀性也更高，整体群落结构较其余两个断面差异更大。这与光滩断面独特的环境特征有关，尤其是较大的沉积物颗粒、较高的温度和较低含水量的影响，且整体环境状况最佳。根据N/C比值的评价结果，研究区域环境状况整体良好。
- 小型底栖动物 /
- 群落结构 /
- 时空分布 /
- 红树林 /
- 广西北海
Abstract: To study the community characteristics of meiofauna in the mangrove wetland of Beihai, Guangxi, quantitative sampling of meiofauna and environmental factors was conducted in January (winter) and July (summer) of 2021. Three sections with nine stations were set up in the mangrove wetland. The results showed that the average abundance of meiofauna in winter and summer were (2 617.17±973.13) ind./10 cm² and (1 173.69±535.75) ind./10 cm². The average abundance of meiofauna in mangrove section was the highest (2 398.23±1 502.71) ind./10 cm², and the section of the bare section is the lowest, which is (1 539.55±731.04) ind./10 cm², and the cultivation section is (1 748.50±469.20) ind./10 cm². The average biomass of meiofauna was (3 686.93±1 096.40) μg dwt/10 cm² in winter and (2 258.18±1 019.48) μg dwt/10 cm² in summer. The average biomass of meiofauna in bare section was the highest, which was (3 650.13±1 188.95) μg dwt/10 cm². The lowest cultivation section was (272.32±531.48) μg dwt/10 cm². The mangrove section is (2 995.21±1 499.03) μg dwt/10 cm². Ten groups of meiofauna were identified in each season and each section. Marine nematodes were the most dominant group. The composition of groups in the bare section was more uniform. The meiofauna community in bare section was the most unique, characterized by its lowest abundance, highest biomass, higher uniformity in group composition and greater difference in overall community structure than the other two sections. This is related to the unique environmental characteristics of bare section, especially the influence of larger sediment particles, higher temperature and lower water content, and the overall environmental condition is the best. According to the evaluation results of N/C ratio, the environmental condition of the study area is generally good.
- meiofauna /
- community structure /
- spatiotemporal distribution /
- mangrove /
- Beihai, Guangxi

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图 1 广西北海红树林采样站位示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of sampling stations in Guangxi Beihai mangrove

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图 2 采样站位环境因子PCA分析结果

Fig. 2 PCA analysis results of environmental factors at sampling stations

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图 3 广西北海红树林冬季（a）、夏季（b）、红树林断面（c）、光滩断面（d）、养殖断面（e）小型底栖动物类群组成

Fig. 3 Composition of meiofauna in winter (a), summer (b), mangrove section (c), bare section (d), and cultivation section (e) of Beihai mangrove forest in Guangxi

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图 4 广西北海红树林冬夏季不同断面小型底栖动物丰度（a）、生物量（b）分布图

Fig. 4 Distribution of meiofauna abundance (a) and biomass (b) at different sections of mangrove in Beihai, Guangxi in winter and summer

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图 5 调查站位冬季（a）、夏季（b）小型底栖动物丰度垂直分布

Fig. 5 Vertical distribution of meiofauna abundance in winter (a) and summer (b)

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图 6 各采样站位小型底栖动物群落结构的非度量多维标度分析图

Fig. 6 Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot for meiofauna community structure at each sampling station

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图 7 小型底栖动物的丰度及生物量与环境因子的相关性分析热图

Fig. 7 Heat map of correlation analysis between abundance and biomass of meiofauna and environmental factors

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表 1 小型底栖动物各类群的个体平均干重

Tab. 1 Individual average dry weight of different meiofaunal groups

类群	平均干重/μg
线虫类 Nematoda	0.80
底栖桡足类 Copepoda	1.86
多毛类 Polychaeta	14.00
枝角类 Cladocera	26.00
轮虫类 Rotifera	3.50
介形类 Ostracoda	26.00
涡虫类 Turbellaria	3.50
海螨类 Halacaroidea	1.50
无节幼体 Nauplii	0.11
双壳类 Bivalvia	4.20

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表 2 广西北海红树林湿地各采样站位环境因子

Tab. 2 Environmental factors at the sampling stations for mangrove wetlands in Beihai, Guangxi

季节	断面	站位	中值粒径/ mm	温度/ ℃	盐度	含水量/%	叶绿素a/ (μg/g)	脱镁叶绿酸/ (μg/g)	有机质/%	沉积物类型
冬季	红树林断面	S1	0.11	19.59	31.38	31.95	5.80	7.63	3.89	砂
		S2	0.11	18.25	33.00	28.12	2.95	3.88	3.34	砂
		S3	0.04	19.58	34.00	51.90	1.72	2.26	9.27	粉砂
	光滩断面	S4	0.67	22.85	34.75	15.69	1.68	1.16	1.09	砂
		S5	0.67	23.63	34.25	18.94	4.17	1.43	0.79	砂
		S6	0.70	23.30	34.00	20.16	2.27	2.07	0.98	砂
	养殖断面	S7	0.07	19.93	26.33	48.07	4.15	13.42	13.40	砂
		S8	0.10	20.53	31.00	42.44	3.85	9.03	13.43	砂
		S9	0.04	21.90	33.00	45.88	1.54	2.90	10.85	粉砂
夏季	红树林断面	S1	0.05	30.50	23.73	24.77	6.70	5.30	2.38	粉砂
		S2	0.11	30.13	26.33	20.59	2.00	2.61	1.96	砂
		S3	0.04	30.87	30.33	31.63	0.43	4.80	3.05	粉砂
	光滩断面	S4	0.31	30.23	28.33	13.77	3.02	1.15	0.83	砂
		S5	0.03	30.30	29.67	15.19	3.08	0.92	0.35	粉砂
		S6	0.05	30.07	29.67	15.20	3.82	2.10	0.45	粉砂
	养殖断面	S7	0.05	28.73	21.33	41.68	0.65	3.36	6.75	粉砂
		S8	0.02	29.20	26.00	40.29	1.82	6.17	5.66	粉砂
		S9	0.09	29.70	30.00	36.73	0.30	4.43	7.85	砂

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表 3 研究区域各站位的N/C比值

Tab. 3 N/C ratio of each station in the research area

季节	断面	站位	海洋线虫丰度/ （ind./10 cm²）	桡足类丰度/ （ind./10 cm²）	N/C比值
冬季	红树林断面	S1	3356.63	274.67	12.22
		S2	4153.38	121.68	34.13
		S3	1303.17	204.49	6.37
	光滩断面	S4	728.08	360.51	2.02
		S5	601.85	833.60	0.72
		S6	647.80	753.83	0.86
	养殖断面	S7	1959.55	122.69	15.97
		S8	1380.42	20.20	68.35
		S9	2051.95	137.34	14.94
夏季	红树林断面	S1	2120.11	67.15	31.57
		S2	827.04	44.94	18.40
		S3	467.04	46.96	9.95
	光滩断面	S4	178.23	420.59	0.42
		S5	252.45	78.26	3.23
		S6	307.49	158.54	1.94
	养殖断面	S7	1032.03	131.28	7.86
		S8	1010.32	81.80	12.35
		S9	1261.77	34.84	36.22

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表 4 调查站位小型底栖动物与环境因子的BIOENV分析结果

Tab. 4 BIOENV analysis results of meiofauna and environmental factors in the study area

环境因子变量数	相关系数	环境因子变量组合
3	0.526	Md，T，W
2	0.514	Md，T
4	0.486	Md，T，W，OM
2	0.483	Md，W
3	0.472	Md，T，OM
1	0.442	Md
4	0.437	Md，T，W，Chl-a
4	0.423	Md，T，W，Pha
4	0.409	Md，T，SAL，W
5	0.407	Md，T，W，Chl-a，OM

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表 5 本研究小型底栖动物丰度与其他红树林地区研究的比较

Tab. 5 Comparison of the abundance of meiofauna in this study with other studies in mangrove areas

研究区域	采样时间	小型底栖动物丰度/ （ind./10 cm²）	线虫占比	文献
广西北海银海区红树林	2021.1 2021.7	2 617.17±973.13 1 173.69±535.75	68.70% 70.59%	本研究
深圳湾福田红树林	2016.2	2 131±1 130	97.26%	[15]
广西北海金海湾红树林	2019.6	（6.07±1.23）～（200.25±31.75）	91.79%	[5]
厦门同安湾下潭尾人工红树林	2014.2–11	441.3±61.0	91.75%	[16]
海南东寨港红树林	2012.2	1 082.23±563.76	96.44%	[55]
湛江特呈岛红树林	2018.12	432.25±500.84	97.99%	[56]
福建洛阳江口红树林	2013.4	703.32±91.01	92.94%	[57]
广西防城港东湾红树林	2019.4	1 0364±8 012	95.38%	[60]

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