渤海湾沉积地球化学记录及其对环境变迁的指示

勾艺萌; 刘东艳; 董晓伟; 谭扬; PereMasqué; 薛成凤; 王玉珏

渤海湾沉积地球化学记录及其对环境变迁的指示

勾艺萌^1,,
刘东艳^{1, 2},
董晓伟³,
谭扬⁴,
PereMasqué⁵,
薛成凤⁶,
王玉珏^{1, 2, ,}

1.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241
2.
崇明生态研究院，上海 200241
3.
北京欧仕科技有限公司，北京 100083
4.
中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所，山东烟台 264003
5.
伊迪斯·科文大学，澳大利亚郡德勒普
6.
自然资源部第二海洋研究所，浙江杭州 310012

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41776126，42030402）。

详细信息

作者简介:
勾艺萌（1997—），女，甘肃省庆阳市人，主要研究方向为：近海环境变化及生态响应。E-mail：m2323100457@163.com

通讯作者:
王玉珏，副研究员，主要研究方向为近海营养盐变化与富营养化。E-mail：yjwang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-16

Sedimentary geochemical records and their indications for environmental variations in Bohai Bay

Gou Yimeng^1
,,
Liu Dongyan^{1, 2},
Dong Xiaowei³,
Tan Yang⁴,
Pere Masqué⁵,
Xue Chengfeng⁶,
Wang Yujue^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2.
Institute of Eco−Chongming, Shanghai 200241, China
3.
Beijing Osees Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100083, China
4.
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
5.
Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
6.
Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解渤海湾营养环境的长周期变化特征及关键影响因素，于2018年4月和6月在渤海湾湾口外侧海域（BH47）及渤海湾湾口（BH15）采集沉积物柱状样，对沉积物柱状样中总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）、磷（P）、生物硅（BSi）含量以及碳、氮稳定同位素组成（$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C、$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹⁵N）进行了分析，并结合气候和周围人类活动变化讨论以上参数的变化诱因。研究结果显示，两柱状样中TN自1980s起随时间呈现增加的变化趋势，与水体溶解无机氮（DIN）的长周期变化一致。污水排放、化肥施用和海水养殖是渤海湾氮的主要来源，其中农业化肥氮输入自2007年起有所下降，海水养殖和生活污水入海排放呈现持续上升的趋势。无机磷（IP）是沉积物中磷的主要存在形式，湾内的BH15柱中IP自1990s中期起呈现下降的趋势，湾口的BH47柱中IP呈现1970s后先减少，1990s起缓慢增加的变化趋势，两者均体现出明显的陆源输入特征。TOC/TN比值、$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C值以及$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C二端元混合模型对有机质来源的指示结果表明，渤海湾口及临近海域沉积物有机质受陆源输入和海洋自生共同影响，总体以海源有机质为主，自1990s起海源有机质贡献有所下降。与湾口的BH47柱相比，BH15柱更靠近近岸地区，受陆源输入的影响更显著，TN含量和陆源有机质贡献相对更高。本研究表明，为实现渤海湾水环境的有效治理，在对农业化肥的使用进行管制的同时，今后还需重点加强对海水养殖和生活污水入海排放的管控。
- 生源要素 /
- 同位素示踪 /
- 环境变迁 /
- 渤海湾沉积记录
Abstract: In order to understand the long−term variations in the nutritional environment and the key influencing factors of Bohai Bay, two sediment cores from the mouth of the bay (BH15) and the outer area of the bay (BH47) were collected in April and June 2018 separately. The contents of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), biogenic silica (BSi), and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen ($ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C、$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹⁵N) were analyzed, and the causes of the changes of the above parameters were discussed in combination with the changes of climate and surrounding human activities. The results showed that the TN content in both sediment cores exhibited an increasing trend since the 1980s, which is consistent with the long-term variations in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the sea water. Sewage discharge, fertilizer application and mariculture are the main sources of nitrogen in the Bohai Bay, among which the input of agricultural fertilizer has decreased since 2007, while the discharge of mariculture and domestic sewage into the sea has shown a continuous upward trend. Inorganic Phosphorus (IP) was the main form of phosphorus in sediments. The IP in BH15 in the bay has shown a decreasing trend since the mid−1990s, while the IP in BH47 from the mouth of the bay has shown a decreasing trend after 1970s and a slow increasing trend since 1990s. All of them show obvious terrigenous input characteristics. The results of TOC/TN ratio、$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C value and $ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C two-endmember mixing model indicated that the organic matter in the sediments was influenced by both terrestrial input and marine autochthonous sources, with marine organic matter being the dominant source. Since the 1990s, the contribution of marine organic matter has decreased. Compared with the BH47 core, the BH15 core is closer to the coastal area, more significantly affected by terrestrial input, with higher TN content and contribution of terrestrial organic matter. This study shows that in order to effectively manage the water environment of Bohai Bay, it is necessary to strengthen the control of mariculture and domestic sewage discharge into the sea while controlling the use of agricultural fertilizers in the future.
- biogenic elements /
- isotope tracer /
- environmental change /
- sedimentary records of Bohai Bay

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图 1 采样站位图（海流根据文献[27]和[34]绘制）。

Fig. 1 Sampling stations (current modified from references [27] and [34])

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图 2 ²¹⁰Pb放射性活度垂向分布（圆形表示²¹⁰Pb总量，三角形表示²¹⁰Pb过剩）

Fig. 2 Vertical distribution of the ²¹⁰Pb radioactivity in the sediments （Circle represents the ²¹⁰Pb，Triangle represents the ²¹⁰Pb_ex）

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图 3 粒度组成及参数垂向变化特征（虚线表示平均值）

Fig. 3 Vertical variation characteristics of grain size composition and medium diameters (The dashed line represents the average value)

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图 4 BH15沉积柱TN、TP、IP、OP和$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹⁵N随深度变化特征（虚线为各项参数的平均值）

Fig. 4 Variation character of TN, TP, PO, and $ \mathrm{\delta } $¹⁵N with depth in BH15 (The dashed line represents the average value of each parameter)

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图 5 BH47沉积柱TN、TP、IP、OP和$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹⁵N随深度变化特征（虚线为各项参数的平均值）

Fig. 5 Variation character of TN, TP, PO, and $ \mathrm{\delta } $¹⁵N with depth in BH47 (The dashed line represents the average value of each parameter)

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图 6 环渤海湾地区人口（A）、废水排放（B）、化肥施用（C）和海水养殖（D）的变化情况

Fig. 6 The population(A), sewage discharge (B), fertilizer usage (C) and marine culture (D) of areas around the Bohai Bay

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图 7 BH15沉积柱TOC、BSi、TOC/TN和$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C随深度变化特征（虚线为各项参数的平均值）

Fig. 7 Variation character of TOC, BSi, TOC/TN and $ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C with depth in BH15 (The dashed line represents the average value of each parameter)

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图 8 BH47沉积柱TOC、BSi、TOC/TN和$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C随深度变化特征（虚线为各项参数的平均值）

Fig. 8 Variation character of TOC, BSi, TOC/TN and $ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C with depth in BH47 (The dashed line represents the average value of each parameter)

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图 9 两根柱样有机质$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C和TOC/TN值的分布

Fig. 9 Distributions of δ¹³Cand TOC/TN values of samples in the two sediment cores

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图 10 陆源和海源有机碳对沉积物TOC的贡献（空白表示数据缺失）

Fig. 10 Contribution of terrestrial and marine organic carbon to sediment TOC (Blank space indicates missing data)

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表 1 不同区域柱状沉积物中有机质的比较

Tab. 1 Comparison of organic matter in sediment cores from different study areas

研究区域	TOC/%	TN/ %	BSi/ %	$ \mathrm{\delta } $¹³C/‰	TOC/TN	参考文献
渤海湾	0.40～0.64	0.06～0.08	0.52～1.11	−23.3～−20.4	7.4～9.3	本研究
渤海湾	0.40～0.61	0.06～0.08	0.39～1.46	−22.8～−21.0	8.0～10.0	本研究
四十里湾	0.38～0.58	0.04～0.06	−	−22.8～−21.3	9.1–11.0	[92]
胶州湾	0.14～ 0.41	0.02～0.05	−	−22.2～−20.4	8.2～ 11.5	[93]
大亚湾	0.79～1.11	0.10～0.14	−	−20.8 ～−22.5	5.2～8.3	[94]
黄河口邻近海域	0.21～0.32	0.02～0.04	−	−23.4～−22.5	8.5～12.0	[95]
长江口邻近海域	0.37～ 0.62	0.03～ 0.08	0.75～0.80	−	7.7～ 8.6	[96]
珠江口邻近海域	0.80～1.90	0.13～0.20	0.98～2.35	−	5.5～12.7	[97]
注：“−”表示无数据。

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