A near-real-time blended sea surface wind data product from multiple satellites
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摘要: 介绍了一种业务化发布的多源卫星遥感海面风场融合准实时数据产品（Blended Sea Surface Wind Data Product From Multiple Satellites，BSSW），以及该数据产品的处理方法，并分析了产品精度。该数据产品以HY-2系列卫星、Metop系列卫星和DMSP系列卫星等组成的虚拟卫星星座观测海面风场/风速产品为输入，通过叉标定和误差分析，以及二维变分分析等处理，实现了时间分辨率为6 h，空间分辨率为25 km的多源卫星主被动遥感海面风场融合产品业务化生产，并通过国家卫星海洋卫星应用中心准实时发布。该数据与浮标数据比对总体风速均方根误差小于1.6 m/s，风向均方根误差小于19°；与ERA5数据比对总体风速均方根误差小于1.2 m/s，风向均方根误差小于11°。精度检验结果表明，海面风场融合产品与浮标观测和ERA5再分析海面风场数据产品具有很高的一致性，可为海洋与大气数值模式资料同化预报、海洋防灾减灾与海洋科学研究提供高质量，无缝隙的全球海面风场数据支撑。Abstract: A near-real-time version of the blended sea surface wind (BSSW) data product from multiple satellites, as well as the data processing method, and data accuracy analysis is introduced in this paper. The BSSW used sea surface winds provided by the virtual satellite constellation composed of HY-2 series satellites, Metop series satellites and DMSP series satellites as input. Error analysis, cross-calibration and 2D-Var processing is applied to blend these winds derived from different platform. With these methods, a near-real-time blended sea surface product with 6 hours interval and a spatial resolution of 25 kilometers is produced and released operationally by National Satellite Ocean Satellite Application Service. Comparing to buoy data, the RMSE is below 1.6 m/s for wind speed and below 19° for wind direction. While comparing to ERA5 data, the RMSE is below 1.2 m/s for wind speed and below 11° for wind direction. The validation results show that the BSSW is consistent with the buoy winds and ERA5 winds, indicating that BSSW can be of great importance to ocean and atmospheric numerical forecast model, marine disaster prevention and reduction, as well as scientific research on ocean.
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Key words:
- sea surface wind /
- sea surface wind Fusion /
- scatterometer /
- microwave radiometer /
- 2D-Var
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图 1 多源卫星遥感海面风场融合流程图
Fig. 1 Flow chart of the blended sea surface wind data product from multiple satellites
图 2 散射计风场质量等级划分示意图
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of quality category for scatterometer wind field
图 4 2022年9月13日00时刻海面风场融合结果空间分布（a，黑色实线为CMA最佳路径分析结果），融合风场u分量（b）v分量（c）相对ECMWF背景场的偏差
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of blended sea surface wind (a, black solid line corresponds to the CMA best path analysis result), the deviation of the blended sea surface wind u component (b) and v component (c) relative to the ECMWF background field on September 13, 2022 UTC 00:00
图 5 2023年度融合风场与浮标风场风速（a）与风向（b）比对散点密度图
Fig. 5 Scatter density plot of wind speed (a) and direction (b) comparison between blended winds and buoy winds during the year of 2023
图 6 融合风场与浮标风场2023年度风速（a）与风向（b）比对均方根误差空间分布图
Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of standard deviation for wind speed (a) and direction (b) comparison between blended winds and buoy winds during the year of 2023
图 7 融合风场在2023年各月风速（a）与风向（b）均方根误差与偏差时间序列
Fig. 7 Time series of standard deviation and bias of wind speed (a) and direction (b) for each month of the blended wind during the year of 2023
图 8 2023年度融合风场与ERA5 比对的风速均分根误差（a）、偏差（b）与风向均方根误差（c）、偏差（d）空间分布图
Fig. 8 Spatial distribution of the root mean square error (a) and bias (b) of wind speed as well as the root mean square error (c) and bias (d) of wind direction in the comparison between the blended winds and buoy winds in January 2023.
图 9 融合风场与ERA5风场2023年1月风速（a）与风向（b）对比散点密度图
Fig. 9 Scatter density plot of wind speed (a) and direction (b) of the blended winds comparing to ERA5 winds in January 2023
图 10 融合风场（红色）与ERA5（黑色）风速分布直方图
Fig. 10 Probability density the blended wind speed (red) and ERA5 wind speed(black)
表 1 BSSW产品使用的微波散射计沿轨海面风场数据
Tab. 1 Microwave scatterometer rev. winds data used in BSSW product
卫星 载荷 发布机构 起始时间 产品 分辨率 刈幅 HY-2B HSCAT NSOAS 2018.10 风场 25 km 1700 kmHY-2C HSCAT NSOAS 2020.09 风场 25 km 1700 kmHY-2D HSCAT NSOAS 2021.05 风场 25 km 1700 kmCFOSAT CSCAT NSOAS 2018.10 风场 25 km 1000 kmMetop-B ASCAT EUTMETSAT 2012.09 风场 25 km 500 km×2 Metop-C ASCAT EUTMETSAT 2018.11 风场 25 km 500 km×2 
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表 2 BSSW产品使用的微波辐射计海面风速数据
Tab. 2 Microwave radiometer wind speed data used in BSSW product
卫星 载荷 发布机构 起始时间 产品 分辨率 刈幅 GCOM-W1 AMSR-2 RSS 2012.05 风速 ～25 km 1000 kmF16 SSMIS RSS 2003.10 风速 ～25 km 1000 kmF17 SSMIS RSS 2006.12 风速 ～25 km 1000 kmF18 SSMIS RSS 2009.10 风速 ～25 km 1000 km
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