庙岛群岛海藻场群落结构特征分析

李宝齐; 陈伟洲; 王宁; 姜会超; 庄明坤; 吕峥峥; 张琦; 郭晓茜; 徐智广

庙岛群岛海藻场群落结构特征分析

李宝齐^{1, 2,},
陈伟洲²,
王宁³,
姜会超³,
庄明坤¹,
吕峥峥¹,
张琦¹,
郭晓茜¹,
徐智广^1, ,

1.
鲁东大学，生命科学学院，山东烟台 264025
2.
汕头大学，海洋生物研究所，广东汕头 515063
3.
山东省海洋资源与环境研究院，山东烟台 264006

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(42276119)；Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42276119)。

详细信息

作者简介:
李宝齐（XXXX—），男，博士研究生，研究方向：大型海藻生理生态。E-mail：LibaoqiYTLD@163.com

通讯作者:
徐智广，教授。E-mail：bigwide@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-31
- 修回日期: 2026-02-05
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-02

Analysis of the community structure characteristics of seaweed beds in the Miaodao Archipelago

1.
School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong
2.
Institute of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong
3.
Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, Shandong

摘要

摘要: 山东省庙岛群岛海域的海藻资源十分丰富，在近海海洋碳汇具有重要潜力，但目前关于庙岛群岛海藻场的基础数据和相关研究尚非常缺乏，限制了对海藻场碳汇的核算和评价。为弥补庙岛群岛海藻场基础数据的空白，本研究选择山东省庙岛群岛10个居民岛，采用水肺潜水方式对潮下带海藻场的分布进行了调查和样方取样，并对藻场中大型海藻的种类、生物量、优势种、群落多样性等海藻资源信息进行了鉴定和统计，进而结合环境背景、对10个岛的海藻场群落结构特征进行了聚类分析分析。本研究共采集到大型海藻34种，隶属21科、25属。其中红藻18种，涉及11科、15属；绿藻4种，涉及2科、2属；褐藻12种，涉及8科、8属。大型海藻优势种有海带、裙带菜、海黍子、石花菜、日本角叉菜、石莼、叉开网翼藻、海蒿子、酸藻等。统计分析结果显示，砣矶岛、小钦岛的生物量密度较高；北长山岛海藻场物种丰富度最高，庙岛、南隍城岛次之；南隍城岛海藻场多样性指数最高，北长山岛和砣矶岛次之；南隍城岛海藻场均匀度指数也均高于其他区域。聚类分析（Cluster）结果显示，南五岛（南长山岛、北长山岛、庙岛、大黑山岛、小黑山岛）与北五岛（砣矶岛、大钦岛、小钦岛、南隍城岛、北隍城岛）在群落结构上具有显著差异，且北五岛平均生物量高于南五岛，这表明地理格局是驱动群落组成差异的关键因素。本研究在一定程度上弥补了山东省海藻资场相关基础数据的空白，可为山东省海藻场的碳汇评价和发展近海蓝碳增汇提供重要的数据和理论支持。
- 庙岛群岛 /
- 大型海藻 /
- 物种多样性 /
- 优势种
Abstract: The Miaodao Archipelago in Shandong Province are rich in seaweed resources and hold great potential for nearshore marine carbon sinks. However, fundamental data and research related to the seaweed beds in this region remain scarce, which astricts the calculation and evaluation to carbon sink of seaweed beds. Therefore, this study aimed to complement the gap in baseline information regarding seaweed beds in the Miaodao Archipelago. In this study, 10 residential islands of Miaodao archipelago in Shandong Province were selected and the distribution of seaweed fields in the subtidal zone was investigated and sampled by scuba diving. Seaweed resource information in the seaweed beds, including the distribution and area of seaweed beds, species composition, biomass, dominant species, and community diversity, was identified and counted, and then combined with the environmental context, the community structure characteristics of the seaweed beds in the 10 islands were clustered. A total of 34 species of macroalgae were collected, belonging to 21 families and 25 genera. Among them were 18 species of red algae (11 families, 15 genera), 4 species of green algae (2 families, 2 genera), and 12 species of brown algae (8 families, 8 genera). The dominant macroalgal species in the region included Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum muticum, Gelidium amansii, Chondrus nipponicus, Ulva lactuca, Dictyopteris divaricata, Sargassum pallidum, and Desmarestia viridis. The results of statistical analysis revealed that Tuoji Island and Xiaoqin Island had relatively high biomass density. Nouth Changshan Island exhibited the highest species richness, followed by Miao Island and South Huangcheng Island. South Huangcheng Island had the highest diversity index, with Nouth Changshan Island and Tuoji Island ranking next, and also showed the highest evenness index among the surveyed sites. Cluster analysis results indicated significant differences in community structure between the five southern islands (South Changshan Island, North Changshan Island, Miao Island, Daheishan Island, Xiaoheishan Island) and the five northern islands (Tuoji Island, Daqin Island, Xiaoqin Island, South Huangcheng Island, North Huangcheng Island), mainly due to geographic variation. This study helps complement the gap in baseline information regarding seaweed beds in Shandong Province, thus providing essential data for the carbon sink evaluation and theoretical support for development of nearshore blue carbon sink of seaweed beds in Shandong Province.
- Miaodao Archipelago /
- macroalgae /
- species diversity /
- dominant species

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图 1 山东省庙岛群岛海藻场调查区域示意图（蓝色区域）。a. 北隍城岛；b. 南隍城岛；c. 小钦岛；d. 大钦岛；e. 砣矶岛；f. 大黑山岛；g. 小黑山岛；h. 庙岛；i. 北长山岛；j. 南长山岛。

Fig. 1 Schematic map of the survey area of seaweed farms in Miaodao Archipelago, Shandong Province (The blue area). a. North Huangcheng Island; b. South Huangcheng Island; c. Xiaoqin Island; d. Daqin Island; e. Tuoji Island; f. Daheishan Island; g. Xiaoheishan Island; h. Miao Island; i. North Changshan Island; j. South Changshan Island.

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图 2 庙岛群岛各海藻场调查平均生物量

Fig. 2 Average Biomass of Seaweed Beds Surveyed in the Miaodao Archipelago

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图 3 庙岛群岛各海藻场调查物种数

Fig. 3 Species Number of Seaweed Beds in the Miaodao Archipelago

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图 4 庙岛群岛海藻场聚类（A）及nMDS分析（B）

Fig. 4 Cluster analysis (A) and nonmetric multidimensional scale analysis (nMDS, B) of seaweed beds in Miaodao Archipelago

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图 5 庙岛群岛海藻场大型海藻群落结构与海水水质相关性分析

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis between macroalgae community structure and seawater quality in seaweed beds of Miaodao Archipelago

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表 1 山东庙岛群岛调查海域大型海藻名录

Tab. 1 Directory of macroalgae in the survey area of Miaodao Archipelago, Shandong

	种类组成	拉丁名	北隍城岛	南隍城岛	小钦岛	大钦岛	砣矶岛	大黑山岛	小黑山岛	庙岛	北长山岛	南长山岛
绿藻	石莼	Ulva lactuca	++	+		++	++			+	+++	+
	孔石莼	Ulva pertusa								++
	礁膜	Monostroma nitidum									+
	缘管浒苔	Ulva linza								+
红藻	日本角叉菜	Chondrus nipponicus		++				++		+
	石花菜	Gelidium amansii		++				+	+++	++++++	+++	+++
	节荚藻	Lomentaria hakodatensis						+			+
	海萝	Gloiopeltis furcata		+
	海柏	Polyopes polyideoides		+++			+		+	+++	+
	鸭毛藻	Symphyocladia latiuscula		+							+++
	凹顶藻	Laurencia chinensis		+
	冈村凹顶藻	Laurencia okamurae									+
	扇形拟伊藻	Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis	+	+		+
	蜈蚣藻	Grateloupia filicina				+
	粗枝软骨藻	Chondria crassicaulis								+
	凝菜	Campylaephora crassa									+
	角叉菜	Chondrus ocellatus	+
	珊瑚藻	Corallina officinalis									+++
	亮管藻	Hyalosiphonia cawspitosa								+++
	海膜	Halymenia floresia					+
	真江蓠	Gracilaria vermiculophylla								+
	扁江蓠	Gracilaria textorii						+	+++	+++
褐藻	叉开网翼藻	Dictyopteris divaricata		+		+	+++	++	+	+++++	+++	+
	叉开网地藻	Dictyota divaricata									++
	海带	Saccharina japonica	+++	++	++	++	++
	裙带菜	Undaria pinnatifida		+	++	+++	+++				+
	海黍子	Sargassum muticum	+	+	+		+	+		+++		+
	酸藻	Desmarestia viridis	++	+		+	+		+		++
	囊藻	Colpomenia sinuosa					+				++
	山东马尾藻	Sargassum shandongense		++							++
	绳藻	Chorda filum									+
	海蒿子	Sargassum pallidum							++	+++++
	铁钉菜	Ishige okamurai							+
	铜藻	Sargassum horneri					++
注：“+”代表采集到该种海藻，“+”数量代表采集到该种海藻的次数。
Note: "+" represents the species of seaweed collected, "+" number represents the number of times the species of seaweed collected.

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表 2 庙岛群岛海藻场海水水质

Tab. 2 Seawater quality in Seaweed Farms of the Miaodao Archipelago

	温度（℃）	pH	盐度 (psu)	溶解氧 (mg·L⁻¹)	COD (mg·L⁻¹)	磷酸盐 (mg·L⁻¹)	硝酸盐-氮 (mg·L⁻¹)	总氮 (mg·L⁻¹)	总磷 (mg·L⁻¹)	悬浮物 (mg·L⁻¹)
北隍城岛	15±0.33	8.05±0.01	30.46±0.046	7.20±0.146	0.391±0.007	0.0035±0.00054	0.069±0.0025	0.234±0.0051	0.0064±0.0003	2.1±0.12
南隍城岛	20±0.75	8.11±0.02	31.45±0.080	8.38±0.189	0.800±0.022	0.0080±0.00059	0.059±0.0020	0.305±0.0057	0.0153±0.0004	4.0±0.13
小钦岛	15.5±0.52	8.08±0.01	30.33±0.027	7.60±0.216	0.391±0.0060	0.0013±0.00014	0.029±0.0013	0.131±0.0030	0.0023±0.0001	1.5±0.07
大钦岛	20±0.95	8.15±0.03	30.89±0.050	10.4±0.238	0.621±0.014	0.0125±0.00056	0.084±0.0023	0.201±0.0041	0.0222±0.0005	3.0 ±0.012
砣矶岛	15.5±0.52	8.06±0.02	30.31±0.018	7.50±0.213	0.469±0.010	0.0013±0.00017	0.054±0.0015	0.171±0.0034	0.0023±0.0001	1.1±0.07
大黑山岛	15±0.41	8.12±0.03	29.68±0.033	9.00±0.183	0.856±0.022	0.0265±0.00066	0.231±0.0041	0.460±0.0068	0.0445±0.0005	12.5±0.23
小黑山岛	16.5±0.45	8.09±0.01	29.75±0.032	7.75±0.165	0.547±0.014	0.0057±0.00030	0.085±0.0023	0.245±0.0042	0.0104±0.0002	1.9±0.07
庙岛	17±0.60	8.04±0.02	29.72±0.03	6.73±0.205	0.586±0.015	0.0035±0.00026	0.117±0.0022	0.302±0.0051	0.0064±0.0001	5.0±0.14
北长山岛	17±1.21	8.07±0.01	29.83±0.033	8.03±0.420	0.625±0.017	0.0035±0.00062	0.120±0.0024	0.275±0.0045	0.0064±0.0002	1.7±0.07
南长山岛	23±0.79	8.16±0.03	29.71±0.025	10.9±0.15	0.699±0.021	0.0138±0.00022	0.148±0.0023	0.321±0.0054	0.0263±0.0005	25.8±0.43
注：数据表示为“平均数±标准偏差”（n=9）。
Note: Data are presented as “mean ± standard deviation,” (n = 9).

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表 3 庙岛群岛各海藻场多样性指数

Tab. 3 Diversity Indices of Seaweed Beds in the Miaodao Archipelago

多样性指数	种类数（S）	生物量密度（N）	物种丰富度指数（R）	多样性指数（H'）	均匀度指数（E）
北隍城岛	6	8212.88	0.555	1.043	0.582
南隍城岛	14	5458.04	1.511	2.119	0.803
小钦岛	3	14565.01	0.209	0.878	0.799
大钦岛	7	2495.07	0.767	0.916	0.471
砣矶岛	10	16057.93	0.929	1.782	0.774
大黑山岛	6	284.56	0.885	1.133	0.632
小黑山岛	7	4368.24	0.714	0.248	0.128
庙岛	13	2462.73	1.537	1.495	0.583
北长山岛	16	1363.45	2.078	1.851	0.667
南长山岛	4	2266.85	0.388	0.839	0.605

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