九龙江口潮滩表层沉积物有机质的分布、来源及沉积环境指示意义

潘大东; 张良荟; 林永崇

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023025

九龙江口潮滩表层沉积物有机质的分布、来源及沉积环境指示意义

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023025

闽南师范大学历史地理学院，福建漳州 363000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金（41601012）；福建省中青年教师教育项目（JAT190366）；福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培育计划。

详细信息

作者简介:
潘大东（1983-），男，重庆市人，博士，从事河口三角洲沉积地貌与第四纪环境演变研究。E-mail：dadongdedou@163.com

中图分类号: P736.21
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-03
- 修回日期: 2022-08-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-03
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-01

Temporal spatial distribution and source of organic matter in tidal flat surficial sediments and their implications for sedimentary environment identification in the Jiulong River Estuary

School of History and Geography, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China

摘要

摘要: 本研究旨在揭示九龙江口潮滩有机质含量及其来源的时空分异规律，寻找有效识别潮滩沉积环境的有机碳指标，以便更好地将有机碳应用于河口沉积微相识别和古环境研究。在九龙江口潮滩不同地貌单元，于夏季和冬季采集41个表层沉积物，进行粒度、总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）和稳定碳同位素（δ¹³C）测试。结果显示：从高潮滩至低潮滩，沉积物粒度逐渐变粗，TOC、TN和C/N变小，δ¹³C值偏正。高潮滩有机质来源以陆源和红树林贡献为主，中潮滩以海源和互花米草贡献为主，低潮滩以海源贡献为主。九龙江口潮滩有机质的分布和来源受控于河口陆海相互作用的季节变化、潮滩沉积动力分异和潮滩植被分布。高潮滩与中–低潮滩之间，TOC存在显著性差异，TN、δ¹³C存在极显著性差异，因此参数组合TOC、TN和δ¹³C可作为高潮滩与中–低潮滩的有效判别指标。
- 沉积动力 /
- 有机碳 /
- 稳定碳同位素 /
- 沉积微相识别 /
- 九龙江河口潮滩
Abstract: This article is focus on the distribution and source of organic matter in tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary, and to seek effective organic geochemistry proxies for recognize sedimentary microfacies, and thus to help that organic carbon is better applied to identify sedimentary microfacies and paleo-environment. Forty one surficial sediment samples were obtained and measured their grain size, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and organic carbon stable isotopes (δ¹³C) in the tidal flat from three sedimentary environments: upper tidal flat, middle tidal flat and lower tidal flat in summer and winter. The results show that, from upper tidal flat to lower tidal flat, the grain size of sediments becomes coarser gradually with decreasing TOC, TN and C/N, and the increase of δ¹³C. The sources of organic matter in the upper tidal flat are dominated by terrestrial organic matter and mangrove, marine organic matter and Spartina alterniflora in middle tidal, and marine organic matter in lower tidal flat. The distribution and sources of organic carbon in tidal flat from the Jiulong River Estuary are controlled by the seasonal changes of land-ocean interaction, sedimentary hydrodynamic sorting, and plants. There is a significant difference in TOC, and a highly significant difference in TN and δ¹³C in sediments of the tidal flat. We thus proposed that organic geochemistry properties TOC, TN and δ¹³C are the effective indicators to identify upper tidal flat and middle-lower tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary.
- sedimentary dynamics /
- organic carbon /
- carbon stable isotopes /
- identification of sedimentary microfacies /
- tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary

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图 1 九龙江河口及潮滩站位分布

Fig. 1 Location of the Jiulong River Estuary and sampling locations from tidal flat

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图 2 九龙江河口潮滩微相沉积物粒度曲线

a. 夏季高潮滩，b. 夏季中潮滩，c. 夏季低潮滩，d. 冬季高潮滩，e. 冬季中潮滩，f. 冬季低潮滩

Fig. 2 Volume curves in particle size for samples from differential sedimentary environments of tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary

a. Upper tidal flat in summer，b. middle tidal flat in summer，c. lower tidal flat in summer，d. upper tidal flat in winter， e. middle tidal flat in winter，f. lower tidal flat in winter

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图 3 九龙江河口潮滩沉积物粒度

Fig. 3 Grain size of tidal flat samples in the Jiulong River Estuary

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图 4 九龙江河口潮滩沉积物总有机碳（TOC）、有机氮（TN）、碳氮比（C/N）和稳定碳同位素（δ¹³C）时空分布

Fig. 4 Temporal and spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), mass ratio of TOC vs TN (C/N) ratio, and organic carbon stable isotopes (δ¹³C) for samples from tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary

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图 5 九龙江河口潮滩表层沉积物有机质来源（据Lamb等^[10]）

Fig. 5 Organic sources for samples from tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary (from Lamb et al^[10])

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图 6 九龙江河口潮滩表层沉积物不同有机质来源的贡献率

I. 高潮滩，II. 中潮滩，III. 低潮滩

Fig. 6 Contribution rate of different organic matter sources in surface sedimentary samples from tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary

I. Upper tidal flat，II. middle tidal flat，III. lower tidal flat

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图 7 夏季潮滩表层沉积物有机碳（TOC）、有机氮（TN）与黏土含量之间的相关关系

Fig. 7 Relationship between total organic carbon (TOC) and clay, and total nitrogen (TN) and clay of surface sedimentary samples from tidal flat in summer

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图 8 有机碳参数差异性箱形图

Fig. 8 Box-and-whisker plot of differentiation for organic carbon parameters

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表 1 九龙江河口潮滩表层沉积物站位信息

Tab. 1 Site information of surficial sediment samples of tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary

地貌单元	站位	纬度	经度	离岸距离/m	岩性
地貌单元	站位	纬度	经度	离岸距离/m	夏季	冬季
高潮滩	T1	24°26′39.73′′N	117°54′50.32′′E	71	粉砂质黏土	黏土质粉砂
	T2	24°26′39.47′′N	117°54′54.41′′E	196	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T3	24°26′39.33′′N	117°54′57.61′′E	277	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T4	24°26′39.32′′N	117°54′59.96′′E	354	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T5	24°26′39.26′′N	117°55′4.43′′E	483	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T6	24°26′39.30′′N	117°55′8.1′′E	566	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T7	24°26′40.58′′N	117°55′13.23′′E	672	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
中潮滩	T8	24°26′37.40′′N	117°55′17.05′′E	832	黏土质粉砂	粉砂质黏土
	T9	24°26′34.84′′N	117°55′21.2′′E	972	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T10	24°26′34.19′′N	117°55′28.55′′E	1 164	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T11	24°26′31.66′′N	117°55′34.77′E	1 373	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T12	24°26′31.05′′N	117°55′40.29′′E	1 585	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T13	24°26′25.76′′N	117°55′42.99′′E	1 701	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T14	24°26′25.15′′N	117°55′48.4′′E	1 891	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
低潮滩	T15	24°26′25.16′′N	117°55′55.94′′E	2 274	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T16	24°26′24.44′′N	117°56′0.18′′E	2 368	黏土质粉砂	粉砂质黏土
	T17	24°26′25.85′′N	117°56′5.05′′E	2 508	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T18	24°26′27.13′′N	117°56′8.97′′E	2 619	黏土质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T19	24°26′29.47′′N	117°56′14.41′′E	2 721	粉砂质砂	黏土质粉砂
	T20	24°26′31.37′′N	117°56′18.85′′E	2 838	砂质粉砂	黏土质粉砂
	T21	24°26′34.51′′N	117°56′23.49′′E	2 948	黏土质粉砂	—

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表 2 九龙江河口潮滩表层沉积物粒度参数

Tab. 2 Grain size of surficial sediment samples of tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary

季节	地貌单元		黏土/%	粉砂/%	砂/%	平均粒径/μm	中值粒径/μm	标准偏差	偏态	峰态
夏季	高潮滩	均值	44.4	52.3	3.3	12.5	5.2	21.9	4.0	24.0
		范围	37.6～49.7	49.0～54.3	0～10.7	8.0～24.2	4.1～7.1	9.3～44.1	1.8～5.9	3.3～50.0
	中潮滩	均值	42.6	52.3	5.1	16.1	5.7	32.4	4.3	22.5
		范围	37.0～45.8	48.6～57.5	2.2～13.3	10.4～32.3	4.8～7.4	19.7～62.8	2.6～5.3	5.7～35.8
	低潮滩	均值	30.5	48.3	21.2	51.5	14.0	77.4	2.5	8.2
		范围	22.8～35.4	36.9～56.9	7.8～40.3	20.2～114.6	7.9～27.0	35.1～150.3	1.4～4.0	1.6～22.5
冬季	高潮滩	均值	45.9	51.2	2.9	11.7	4.9	22.5	5.2	37.7
		范围	40.9～49.2	49.5～56.1	1.3～5.1	8.6～15.1	4.2～5.9	16.4～31.5	3.9～6.7	20.3～61.5
	中潮滩	均值	42.8	50.0	7.2	21.7	5.7	45.1	3.7	16.8
		范围	38.1～52.4	34.7～57.6	4.9～14.2	12.3～39.5	3.4～7.1	18.1～97.9	2.5～4.3	4.9～27.1
	低潮滩	均值	42.6	49.1	8.4	20.1	5.9	39.2	3.8	17.2
		范围	37.1～50.8	45.3～51.5	3.7～14.7	12.7～29.7	3.8～7.5	28.7～54.0	2.5～5.2	5.5～31.6

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表 3 九龙江河口潮滩沉积物中总有机碳（TOC）、有机氮（TN）、碳氮比（C/N）和稳定碳同位素（δ¹³C）数值特征

Tab. 3 Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), mass ratio of TOC vs TN (C/N) ratio, and organic carbon stable isotopes (δ¹³C) values for samples from tidal flat in the Jiulong River Estuary

地貌单元		TOC/%		TN/%		C/N		δ¹³C/‰
地貌单元		夏季	冬季	夏季	冬季	夏季	冬季	夏季	冬季
高潮滩	均值	1.57	1.47	0.19	0.20	8.13	7.45	−24.92	−24.73
	范围	1.10～2.08	1.27～1.92	0.17～0.22	0.18～0.22	6.35～9.62	6.49～8.88	−25.81～−23.88	−25.99～−23.60
中潮滩	均值	1.22	1.25	0.16	0.17	7.38	7.20	−23.68	−23.76
	范围	1.00～1.41	1.08～1.38	0.14～0.18	0.16～0.19	6.72～8.39	6.21～7.87	−24.08～−23.08	−24.15～−23.43
低潮滩	均值	0.95	1.13	0.12	0.16	8.07	7.11	−24.12	−23.44
	范围	0.74～1.17	1.01～1.32	0.09～0.13	0.14～0.18	6.14～10.06	6.30～9.23	−24.76～−23.32	−24.36～−22.98

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表 4 不同有机质来源在九龙江河口潮滩沉积物中的贡献

Tab. 4 Contribution rate of different organic matter sources of tidal flat sediments in the Jiulong River Estuary

地貌单元		陆源POM/%		海洋浮游植物/%		红树林/%		互花米草/%
地貌单元		夏季	冬季	夏季	冬季	夏季	冬季	夏季	冬季
高潮滩	均值	34.8	34.4	17.5	18.7	37.3	35.7	10.4	11.17
	范围	31.8～38.4	28.2～38.3	12.3～25.2	12.9～26.2	28.5～48.2	28.2～52.3	7.4～14.4	6.6～15.7
中潮滩	均值	32.8	33.3	25.1	24.7	26.3	27.0	15.8	15.23
	范围	28.7～36.8	31.6～35.3	22.5～28.5	22.1～26.4	23.5～30.0	23.0～32.0	13.5～19.3	13.4～16.6
低潮滩	均值	34.4	30.1	22.5	26.8	29.5	25.9	13.5	17.18
	范围	30.3～37.3	27.8～34.0	18.7～27.6	25.5～29.1	24.3～35.6	23.2～32.0	10.9～17.2	12.4～19.9

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