台风“海葵”对厦门市沙滩微塑料组成与多样性的影响

张铖懿; 李雪妍; 张艺檬; 黄梓朋; 王涛; 刘莎; 吴逢润

台风“海葵”对厦门市沙滩微塑料组成与多样性的影响

1.
厦门理工学院环境科学与工程学院，福建厦门 361024
2.
东北师范大学环境学院，吉林长春 130117
3.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，中国上海 200241

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金（2022J0278）；厦门市海洋与渔业发展专项资金（23YYST064QCB36）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张铖懿（1998—），男，四川省小金县人，主要从事海岸带微塑料污染研究。E-mail：zhangchengyi1001@163.com

通讯作者:
吴逢润，讲师，研究方向为湿地生态环境。E-mail：frwu1993@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-25
- 修回日期: 2024-12-02
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-25

Impacts of Typhoon "Haikui" on the composition and diversity of microplastics in Xiamen's coastal beaches

1.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
2.
School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

摘要

摘要: 气候变化背景下海岸带地区微塑料污染动态是全球重要环境问题。本研究在台风“海葵”过境前后调查分析了厦门市沙滩沉积物中微塑料丰度、组成和多样性的变化。结果表明，台风“海葵”前沙滩中微塑料丰度为251.5 ± 27.9 n·kg⁻¹，台风后显著降低至127.0 ± 18.8 n·kg⁻¹。台风前后沙滩微塑料的组成特征发生鲜明变化。其中，尺寸＜500 μm的微塑料占比显著下降，纤维状颗粒占比上升。台风后微塑料多样性变化明显：Shannon-Wiener多样性指数普遍下降，Pielou’s均匀度指数普遍上升。结合本文结果并对比以往研究，可以判断强降水是台风“海葵”引发厦门沙滩微塑料丰度和组成变化的驱动因素。台风对海岸带微塑料污染动态的影响是多种物理过程耦合的结果，受到动力条件、沉积物理化因子、地形地貌等多种因素的复杂作用。未来仍需结合水文气象数据长期监测，对相关机理开展更加深入的系统综合研究。
- 台风 /
- 滨海沙滩 /
- 微塑料污染 /
- 多样性
Abstract: The dynamics of microplastic pollution in coastal zones, in the context of climate change, is a crucial global environmental issue. This study investigated and analyzed changes in microplastic abundance, composition, and diversity in beach sediments in Xiamen City before and after Typhoon "Haikui." The results showed that the abundance of microplastics on the beaches in Xiamen City before Typhoon "Haikui" was 251.5 ± 27.9 n·kg⁻¹, which significantly decreased to 127.0 ± 18.8 n·kg⁻¹ post-typhoon. Before and after the typhoon, the composition of microplastics on the beaches exhibited distinct variations. In particular, the abundance of smaller particles (<500 μm) significantly decreased, while the proportion of fibrous particles increased. Moreover, the typhoon event led to a general decrease in the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, while the Pielou's evenness index increased. Based on the results of this study and previous research, it is concluded that heavy rainfall is the driving factor behind the changes in microplastic abundance and composition on Xiamen's beaches caused by Typhoon "Haikui." The impact of typhoons on the dynamics of microplastic pollution in coastal zones results from the coupling of multiple physical processes, influenced by a complex combination of factors, such as dynamic conditions, sediment physical and chemical factors, and topography. In the future, it will be necessary to conduct long-term monitoring of hydrological and meteorological data, and to carry out more in-depth, systematic, and comprehensive research on the underlying mechanisms.
- typhoon /
- coastal beaches /
- microplastic pollution /
- diversity

HTML全文

图 1 厦门市沙滩采样站位图

Fig. 1 Maps of the sampling sites in Xiamen City, China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 厦门市沙滩微塑料的大小、形状、颜色和聚合物类型的组成

Fig. 2 Size, shape, color, and polymer type composition of microplastics on the beaches in Xiamen City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 台风前后不同尺寸和不同站点微塑料的丰度变化

注：图中数据上方标注小写字母表示特定站点台风前后微塑料丰度差异的显著性；图中同一站点标注字母相同者表示台风前后无显著差异（p> 0.05）

Fig. 3 Variation in the abundance of microplastics of different sizes and different sites before and after the typhoon

Notes: Lowercase letters indicate significance of differences in microplastic abundance before and after typhoons at specific sites; any two columns with the same letter is non-significantly different (p> 0.05)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 台风前后不同形状微塑料丰度的变化

注：图中同一站点标注字母相同者表示台风前后无显著差异（p> 0.05）

Fig. 4 Variation in the abundance of microplastics of different shapes before and after the typhoon

Notes: Any two columns with the same letter is non-significantly different (p> 0.05)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 台风前后沉积物理化性质与微塑料丰度之间的线性回归分析

Fig. 5 Liner-regression between sediment physicochemical properties and microplastic abundance before and after typhoon

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图 6 台风前后厦门市沙滩微塑料多样性指数的变化

Fig. 6 Variation in the diversity index of microplastic on the beaches in Xiamen City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 台风前后微塑料来源的PMF模型解析

注：图a，c：因子指纹谱图；图b，d：因子贡献率

Fig. 7 PMF model analysis results of microplastic source contributions before and after the typhoon

Notes: Figure a and Figure c: principal component fingerprints PMF models; Figure b and Figure d: arithmetic average contribution rates obtained from the PMF models

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表 1 台风前后厦门市沙滩各站点沉积物理化因子的变化（平均值 ± 标准误）

Tab. 1 Variation in the sedimentary properties on beaches in Xiamen City before and after Typhoon Haikui（means ± se）

站点	中值粒径 (μm)		容重 (g·cm⁻³)		含水率 (%)		盐度 (mS·cm⁻¹)
站点	台风前	台风后	台风前	台风后	台风前	台风后	台风前	台风后
A	866.66± 26.94^a	551.75±39.93^b	1.30±0.02^a	1.28±0.03^a	0.24±0.01^a	0.27±0.02^a	1.39±0.18^a	1.57±0.11^a
B	858.56± 61.47^（a）	380.25±4.71^（b）	1.35±0.06^（a）	1.27±0.03^（a）	0.37±0.01^（a）	0.29±0.01^（b）	1.92±0.02^（a）	1.23±0.10^（b）
C	1 055.94±19.40^a’	975.55±40.72^a’	1.36±0.02^a’	1.13±0.02^b’	0.23±0.01^a’	0.19±0.01^b’	1.46±0.17^a’	1.89±0.02^a’
D	844.81±31.79^a”	769.93±20.68^a”	1.30±0.05^a”	1.28±0.04^a”	0.35±0.02^a”	0.37±0.01^a”	1.63±0.19^a”	1.54±0.05^a”
E	496.96±13.12^a*	555.87±31.30^a*	1.37±0.05^a*	0.93±0.06^b*	0.52±0.01^a*	0.69±0.03^b*	1.94±0.01^a*	1.91±0.01^b*
注：台风前后标注字母相同者表示无显著差异（p >0.05）

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 以往研究中台风特征与台风前后微塑料丰度的变化

Tab. 2 Characteristics of typhoons and variations in microplastic abundance before and after the typhoon in previous studies

研究区域	采样介质	最大风力（级）	降水量（mm·h⁻¹）	微塑料丰度（n·kg⁻¹）	沙滩开放程度	数据来源
厦门市沙滩	沙滩沉积物	11	176.57	−	暴露	本文
南海雷州半岛	近海沉积物	14	108.85	−	暴露	[22]
香港海滩	沙滩沉积物	14	190.09	+	受保护	[20]
深圳沿海地区	沙滩沉积物	9	127.12	−	暴露与受保护区域均有	[48]
深圳沿海地区	地表海水	9	127.12	+	暴露与受保护区域均有	[48]
中国桑沟湾	近海沉积物	8	15.01	+	受保护	[49]
中国桑沟湾	地表海水	8	15.01	+	受保护	[49]
注：+ 表示台风后微塑料丰度上升；- 表示台风后微塑料丰度降低

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