舟山渔场鱼类群落的空间格局及其季节变化

赵若菡; 杨静; 孙阳; 何雨燕; 王晶; 王迎宾; 李羽如

舟山渔场鱼类群落的空间格局及其季节变化

赵若菡¹,
杨静¹,
孙阳¹,
何雨燕¹,
王晶¹,
王迎宾^{1, 2},
李羽如^1, ,

1.
浙江海洋大学水产学院，浙江舟山 316022
2.
浙江省海洋水产研究所，浙江舟山 316021

基金项目: 浙江省基础公益研究计划项目（ZCLQ24D0601）；浙江省教育厅一般项目（Y202353756）；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划立项资助项目（2024-A-024）。

详细信息

作者简介:
赵若菡：作者简介：

通讯作者:
李羽如，博士，主要从事鱼类群落生态学研究。E-mail: liyuru@zjou.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-04
- 修回日期: 2025-02-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-11

Spatial patterns of the fish community and their seasonal variations in Zhoushan Fishing Ground

Zhao Ruohan¹,
Yang Jing¹,
Sun Yang¹,
He Yuyan¹,
Wang Jing¹,
Wang Yingbin^{1, 2},
Li Yuru^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhejiang Zhoushan 316022, China
2.
Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Zhoushan, 316021, China

摘要

摘要: 舟山渔场是中国最大的渔场，渔业资源丰富。在气候变化和人类干扰的影响下，局域海洋环境变化和选择性捕捞诱发鱼类群落的生境和功能的空间异质性增强，进而导致生态系统失稳。然而，受生物功能数据缺失的影响，舟山渔场鱼类群落功能结构的空间格局相对于基于分类水平的研究仍存在严重不足。本研究基于2006～2007年舟山渔场4个季度的渔业资源调查和鱼类功能性状数据，通过计算每个功能性状的群落加权平均值度量群落的功能组成，计算群落之间的β多样性度量群落的空间异质性，研究舟山渔场鱼类群落分类和功能结构的空间格局及其季节变化，并探讨其与环境因子的关系。研究结果表明：大多数性状群落加权平均值（6/7）至少在两个季节间存在显著差异；分类和功能β多样性均具有较高值，变化范围分别是0.7423～0.8396和0.7184～0.7824，说明舟山渔场鱼类群落分类和功能结构的空间异质性程度均较高；分类β多样性存在显著的季节变化，且与水深、盐度、化学需氧量显著相关，而功能β多样性无显著的季节变化且与环境因子无显著关系。研究结果有助于深入了解舟山渔场鱼类群落的空间格局及其季节动态，可用于指导鱼类多样性保护和渔业资源管理。
- 海洋鱼类 /
- 功能性状 /
- 空间异质性 /
- β多样性 /
- 性状群落加权平均值
Abstract: Zhoushan Fishing Ground (ZFG) is the largest fishing ground in China, with rich fishery resources. Under the effects of climate changes and anthropogenic disturbances, changes in local marine environment and selective fishing have increased spatial heterogeneity of habitat and function of the fish communities, and futher result in instability of ecosystem. Traditional studies were major focus on the spatial patterns of the fish communities based on taxonomic level in the ZFG. However, there are still knowledge gaps about the spatial patterns of the functional structure of the fish communities because of shortage in functional data of fishes. Here, we investigate the spatial patterns of the taxonomic and functional structures of the fish communities and their seasonal variations in ZFG, as well as their correlations with environmental variables. The fishery surveys were conducted in 4 seasons during 2006-2007. To measure the functional compositions of the fish communities, community-weighted mean trait values (CWM_s) were calculated for each functional trait of fishes. β diversities were calculated to measure the spatial heterogeneity of the fish communities. Our results indicated that most of CWM_sshowed significant difference between at least two seasons. Taxonomic and functional β diversities showed high values with range from 0.7423～0.8396 and 0.7184～0.7824, respectively, indicating that the taxonomic and functional structures have high levels of spatial heterogeneity. In addition, the taxonomic β diversities showed significant change with seasons, and significantly related to water depth, salinity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD), while functional β diversities showed different patterns. The results contribute to a better understanding of the spatial patterns of the fish communities and their seasonal dynamics in ZFG, and guilde for biodiversity conservation and fishery resource management.
- Marine fish /
- functional traits /
- spatial heterogeneity /
- β diversity /
- community-weighted mean trait values

HTML全文

图 1 舟山渔场调查站位

Fig. 1 The survey sites in Zhoushan Fishing Ground

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图 2 舟山渔场2006-2007年春、夏、秋、冬四季的鱼类物种数（a）和物种组成（b）

Fig. 2 The number of species (a) and species composition (b) of the fish communities in spring, summer, autumn, and winter during 2006～2007 in Zhoushan Fishing Ground

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图 3 舟山渔场鱼类物种和功能丰富度、分类和功能β多样性的季节分布。*表示p < 0.05; **表示 p < 0.01

Fig. 3 The seasonal changes of species richness, functional richness, taxonomic and functional β diversities of fish communities in Zhoushan Fishing Ground. * indicates p < 0.05; ** indicates p < 0.01

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图 4 舟山渔场鱼类群落物种丰富度和功能丰富度指数的克里金插值图

Fig. 4 Seasonal kriging-interpolated maps of species richness (a～d) and functional richness (e～h) of fish communities in Zhoushan Fishing Ground.

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图 5 舟山渔场鱼类群落物种丰富度、功能丰富度、分类和功能β多样性与环境因子的关系

Fig. 5 The relationships between environmental variables and species richness, functional richness, taxonomic and functional β diversity

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表 1 舟山渔场鱼类功能性状

Tab. 1 Functional traits of fishes in Zhoushan Fishing Ground

功能性状 (缩写)	生态意义
平均适温（MT）	反应鱼类对温度的耐受性^[16]
最大深度（MD）	反应鱼类的栖息地偏好
性成熟体长（LM）	反应鱼类的生长和繁殖特征^[1]
世代时间（GT）	反应鱼类的个体发育所需要的时间^[17]
生长速率（K）	是体长体重生长方程中的“K”，反应鱼类生长的快慢^[18]
摄食率（Q/B）	鱼类的摄食量与其生物量的比值
营养级（TL）	反应鱼类在食物网中的位置^[19]

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表 2 舟山渔场鱼类性状群落加权平均值（CWM_x）的季节变化。

Tab. 2 Seasonal variations in community-weighted mean trait values (CWM_x) of fishes in Zhoushan Fishing Ground.

	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
CWM_MTP	19.76±1.8^a	21.14±2.61^ab	23.37±1.85^b	19.34±2.45
CWM_MD	273.22±242.46^ab	191.51±96.87^a	167.75±59.07^b	249.63±135.00
CWM_LM	16.99±2.52^abc	15.28±3.67^a	13.54±5.75^b	17.72±6.46^b
CWM_GT	2.67±0.39	2.32±0.42^a	2.54±0.67^a	2.56±0.57
CWM_K	0.41±0.06^ab	0.54±0.14^ac	0.58±0.30^bc	0.55±0.22
CWM_Q/B	7.54±1.86^ab	8.48±2.07	9.24±2.69^a	9.18±2.72^b
CWM_T/L	3.58±0.11	3.62±0.14	3.68±0.17	3.62±0.18

下载: 导出CSV

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