The effect of sediment incipient motion characteristics on phosphorus concentration in water under the influence of xanthan
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摘要: 泥沙所运载磷的是水域环境中重要的营养因子和生态因子，受沿海潮滩复杂水动力及泥沙表面所附着各类有机物的多重影响，潮滩泥沙具有复杂的运动过程，故探究有机质对泥沙运动和对磷的吸附过程的影响，可为沿海潮滩及近岸水域中磷的预测提供理论支撑。为研究有机质和泥沙起动特性对水体磷浓度的影响，选取黄原胶，通过泥沙起动-再悬浮-吸附实验和恒温振荡实验，探究了变化水流条件下，黄原胶对泥沙运动过程和泥沙吸附磷过程的影响。研究结果表明：1)黄原胶对床沙的起动过程具有明显的抑制作用，使床沙对起动切应力的抵抗能力提升约两倍；2)泥沙起动特性是影响床沙对水体中磷吸附作用的直接因素之一，当床沙开始大量起动后，水体中的磷浓度才开始出现明显变化；3)黄原胶本身对磷吸附作用几乎无影响，但可通过抑制床沙的起动过程进而抑制床沙对水体中磷的吸附作用。Abstract: The transport of phosphorus by suspended sediment plays a pivotal role as a nutrient and ecological factor in aquatic environments, particularly in the complex hydrodynamic and sedimentary settings of Jiangsu's coastal tidal flats, where diverse organic coatings on sediment surfaces further complicate sediment dynamics. Investigating the impact of organic matter on both sediment transport and phosphorus adsorption processes, therefore, is crucial for predicting phosphorus dynamics in coastal tidal flats and nearshore waters. To elucidate the influence of organic matter content and sediment initiation characteristics on aqueous phosphorus concentrations, this study employs xanthan as a model organic substance. Through sediment initiation-resuspension-adsorption experiments and constant-temperature oscillation tests, the study systematically examines how xanthan alters sediment mobility and phosphorus adsorption under varying flow conditions. The research findings are as follows: 1) Xanthan significantly impedes the initiation of sediment motion from the bed, enhancing the bed's resistance to erosive shear stress by approximately twofold. 2) Sediment initiation characteristics act as a direct determinant in the adsorption of phosphorus by the bed sediment, a marked increase in aqueous phosphorus concentration is observed only after substantial sediment initiation commences. 3) While xanthan itself has negligible direct impact on phosphorus adsorption, it indirectly suppresses phosphorus adsorption by the bed sediment through inhibiting sediment initiation.
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Key words:
- fine sediment /
- hydrodynamic conditions /
- Xanthan /
- initiation /
- phosphorus
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图 2 泥沙起动实验装置（a）和水动力测量试验拍摄示意图（b）、（c）
Fig. 2 Experimental device of sediment incipience (a) and schematics of hydrodynamic measurement (b), (c)
图 3 激光剖面相对位置示意图（a）、PIV计算过程示意图（b）和水动力测量结果（c）
Fig. 3 The relative position of laser profile (a), schematic diagram for the velocity calculation using PIV method (b) and the results of hydrodynamics (c).
图 4 实验过程中无黄原胶床沙对磷的总吸附量和相应变化率
Fig. 4 The total adsorption capacity and the change rate of phosphorus by non-XG bed sediment
图 5 实验过程中无黄原胶组悬沙浓度变化和相应变化率
Fig. 5 The suspended sediment concentration and the change rate by non- XG group
图 6 实验过程中含黄原胶床沙对磷的总吸附量和相应变化率
Fig. 6 The total adsorption capacity and the change rate of phosphorus by XG bed sediment
图 7 实验过程中含黄原胶组悬沙浓度变化和相应变化率
Fig. 7 The suspended sediment concentration and the change rate by XG group
图 8 泥沙吸附磷的等温吸附曲线（a）和各黄原胶浓度下对泥沙吸附磷的影响（b）
Fig. 8 Langmuir adsorption isotherms of S1-0 and S1-200 (a) and effects of various xanthan concentrations on sediment adsorption (b)
图 9 泥沙（SSC>1.0g/L）对磷的单位吸附量（a）和局部放大图（b）
Fig. 9 Unit adsorption capacity (a) and partial enlarged plot (b) of phosphorus on sediment (SSC > 1.0g/L)
表 1 泥沙组分表
Tab. 1 Components of experimental sediment
D10/μm D50/μm D90/μm 黏土/% 粉砂/% 砂粒/% 磷解吸量/mg/g 14.79 39.74 73.84 2.30 79.21 18.49 0.000 
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表 2 水动力测量参数设置表
Tab. 2 Parameters setup for hydrodynamic measurement
水动力等级 转速/rpm 周期/s 垂向剖面距边壁位置/cm 水平剖面距床底位置/cm 拍摄帧率/fps 1 42 0.714 5、10、15、20、25、30、35、
40、45、50、51、5710 1000 2 78 0.384 3 104 0.288 4 128 0.234 5 156 0.192 6 178 0.169 7 196 0.153
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表 3 水动力测量参数设置表
Tab. 3 Parameters setup for hydrodynamic measurement
编号 磷浓度
mg/L泥沙浓度
g·L−1黄原胶含量
μg/g编号 磷浓度
mg/L泥沙浓度
g·L−1黄原胶含量
μg/gS1-0 0.5、1、2、3、
4、5、61 0 S10-0 2 10 0 S1-200 200 S10-200 2 10 200 S1-1000 2 1 1000 S10- 1000 2 10 1000 S1-2000 2 1 2000 S10-2000 2 10 2000
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表 4 实验结果数据表
Tab. 4 Experimental results
时间
min水动力
等级切应力
Pa不含黄原胶组次 含黄原胶组次 总吸附量变化速率
平均值mg/20 min悬沙浓度变化速率
平均值g/(20 min·L)总吸附量变化速率
平均值mg/20 min悬沙浓度变化速率
平均值g/(20 min·L)0～120 min 一级 0.0023 0.030 0.000 0.016 −0.062 120～240 min 二级 0.0050 0.008 −0.075 0.027 0.040 240～3600 min 三级 0.0205 0.096 0.577 −0.003 0.125 360～480 min 四级 0.0356 0.355 2.602 0.074 0.060 480～600 min 五级 0.0759 0.950 7.667 0.014 0.775 600～720 min 六级 0.1685 0.336 1.665 1.019 6.657 720～840 min 七级 0.3119 0.161 0.298 0.582 3.422
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