广西北海银滩侵蚀动力研究

刘涛; 王增军; 张建兵

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.07.013

广西北海银滩侵蚀动力研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.07.013

刘涛^{1, 2,},
王增军^3, ,,
张建兵²

1.
广西大学海洋学院，广西南宁 530004
2.
北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室，广西南宁 530001
3.
国家海洋局北海海洋环境监测中心站，广西北海 536000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41306075）；北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室开放基金（2015BGERLKF09）；广西自然科学基金项目（2014GXNSFBA118222）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘涛（1980-），男，山东省滨州市人，博士，副研究员，主要从事海洋沉积学研究。E-mail：salanitana@sina.com

通讯作者:
王增军（1981-），男，河北省邯郸市人，主要从事海洋测绘及GIS相关研究。E-mail：348356169@qq.com

中图分类号: P737.13
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-22
- 修回日期: 2019-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-25

The dynamic of the Yintan Beach erosion in the Beihai, Guangxi

Liu Tao^{1, 2
,},
Wang Zengjun^{3
, ,},
Zhang Jianbin²

1.
School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China
3.
Beihai Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Station, State Oceanic Administration, Beihai 536000, China

摘要

摘要: 广西北海银滩是一处典型的强潮海滩，以滩面宽阔、砂质纯白为特征，为当地的一处著名旅游景点。近年来银滩也出现了岸线后退、滩肩消失、沉积粗化等侵蚀迹象。为了研究银滩侵蚀的动力机制，本文对银滩海水浴场当前的滩面高程、坡度以及滩面后退距离特征进行了调查和分析。并基于2016−2018年间的滩面高程动态变化，分析了冬、春季风浪和台风期间水位、波浪特征与滩面侵蚀之间的关系，并进而探讨了最有可能造成银滩侵蚀的台风路径。研究表明，1985年以来的滩面最大后退距离为80 m，侵蚀造成海滩上部滩面坡度降低，使得海滩上部的剖面形态向上凸状转化。冬、春季节的风浪叠加高水位可能会造成一定程度的滩面侵蚀，并在海滩上部形成脊槽地貌，但是这种侵蚀会被夏季西南向涌浪导致的回淤所恢复。造成银滩侵蚀后退的主要原因是2003年以来风暴潮重现频率增加。发源于西太平洋，经海南岛北部或雷州半岛进入北部湾的台风可以导致显著的海岸增水，最易于引起强烈的海滩侵蚀事件。银滩东侧的渔港码头阻断了自东向西的泥沙沿岸净输运，也是加剧银滩侵蚀的重要因素。
- 海滩侵蚀 /
- 台风 /
- 海滩剖面形态 /
- 银滩
Abstract: The Yintan Beach in the Beihai, Guangxi, is a typical macro-tidal beach characterized by wide beach surface and pure white sand. In recent years, Yintan Beach has been eroded, which result in the retreat of coastline and the disappearance each shoulder. To study the dynamic of beach erosion, the elevation, slope and retreat distance of beach surface were comprehensively analyzed. The change of beach surface elevation caused by Typhoon 1621 and Typhoon 1713, as well as the water level process and offshore wave characteristics during the two typhoons were studied. The relationship between typhoon track and beach erosion was discussed. The results show that since 1985, the position line of average sea level has retreated by 0−80 m. Beach erosion has resulted in a decrease in the slope of the upper beach surface and a more convex beach profile. The main reason for beach erosion is the frequency increase of typhoon landing in recent years. Typhoons that originate in the western Pacific Ocean and enter the Beibu Gulf through the northern part of the Hainan Island or Leizhou Peninsula can form strong storms and cause higher coastal water increase along the coast of the Guangxi, which is most likely to lead to strong beach erosion events.
- beach erosion /
- typhoon /
- beach section shape /
- Yintan Beach

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图 1 银滩的地理位置及研究区域

Fig. 1 Location of the Yintan Beach and study area

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图 2 滩面高程等值线（a）及不同时期的平均海平面位置线（b）

Fig. 2 The contour of beach surface elevation (a), and the distance of mean sea level position withdrawing (b)

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图 3 银滩典型海滩剖面形态

Fig. 3 The elevation of typical transects in the Yintan Beach

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图 4 滩面坡度空间变化（a）及海滩上部（高程1～2 m）滩面坡度与侵蚀后退距离的关系（b）

Fig. 4 The spatial change of beach surface slope (a), and the relation between beach slope and withdrawing distance of mean sea level position (b)

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图 5 2016−2018年银滩典型滩面高程变化

Fig. 5 The variation of typical beach surface elevation in the Yintan Beach from 2016 to 2018

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图 6 台风“莎莉嘉”期间银滩岸外水位过程及波浪特征

Fig. 6 The variation of offshore water depth and wave height during Typhoon Sarika in the Yintan Beach

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图 7 卫星图像（来源于Google Earth）反映的银滩海水浴场滩面地貌特征

Fig. 7 The morphology of the Yintan Beach surface in satellite images (from Google Earth)

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图 8 侵蚀导致的银滩海滩剖面形态演化示意图

Fig. 8 The evolution of the Yintan Beach transect shape caused by erosion

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图 9 中心靠近广西沿岸的主要台风路径类型示意图

Fig. 9 Three types of typhoon center tracks passed by Guangxi coast

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