东海北部小型底栖动物群落对径流及黑潮暖流入侵的响应

刘清河; 马林; 李新正

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.02.006

东海北部小型底栖动物群落对径流及黑潮暖流入侵的响应

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.02.006

刘清河^{1, 2,},
马林¹,
李新正^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

1.
中国科学院海洋研究所，山东青岛 266071
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.
中国科学院海洋大科学中心，山东青岛 266071
4.
青岛海洋科学与技术国家试点实验室海洋生物学与生物技术功能实验室，山东青岛 266237

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（31772415，31872194）；中国科学院战略性先导专项（XDA11020305）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘清河（1989—），男，山东省临沂市人，博士，主要从事小型底栖动物生态学和分类学研究。E-mail：hdqinghe@126.com

通讯作者:
李新正，研究员，主要从事海洋生物分类和系统演化研究。E-mail：lixzh@qdio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P735
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-16
- 修回日期: 2019-05-05
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-02-25

The communities of meiofauna in the northern East China Sea and their responses to runoff and the intrusion of Kuroshio Current

Liu Qinghe^{1, 2
,},
Ma Lin¹,
Li Xinzheng^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
4.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究小型底栖动物群落在东海北部及其临近海域的分布规律，及其对环境因子的响应，于2016年9月和12月，对研究海域共计20个站位的小型底栖动物和环境因子进行了取样调查。调查结果显示，研究海域内共鉴定出小型底栖动物类群16个，其中海洋线虫为绝对优势类群，其他优势类群主要包括桡足类、动吻类和多毛类。9月航次小型底栖动物平均丰度为(1 758±759)个/（10 cm²），线虫占95.6%；平均生物量为(1 216.4±464.7) μg/(10 cm²)(干重)，线虫占55.26%。12月航次平均丰度为(2 011±1 471)个/(10 cm²)，线虫占95.6%；平均生物量为(1 143.0±755.0)μg/(10 cm²)(干重)，线虫占67.28%。聚类分析结果显示，小型底栖动物群落主要可以划分为近岸和外海两个组，其中近岸组小型底栖动物丰度显著高于外海站位。但在各断面分布上，绝大多数站位小型底栖动物丰度最高值均出现在60 m等深线附近，并且该水深处站位的温度和盐度数值均表现出黑潮水的特征。黑潮近岸分支对东海陆架入侵是导致小型底栖动物分布差异的重要原因，小型底栖动物在60 m等深线附近具有的高丰度值可作为其对黑潮入侵的响应。推测，黑潮入侵所导致的水体初级生产力增加以及黑潮水所携带的溶氧可能是导致该深度处小型底栖动物丰度增加的主要原因。
- 海洋线虫 /
- 生态学 /
- 指示生物 /
- 长江口 /
- 黑潮
Abstract: Meiofaunal communities and the relationships with environmental variables in the northern East China Sea and its adjacent area were studied in the present paper based on the material collected from 20 sites in September and December, 2016. About 16 meiofaunal groups were identified with nematodes being the most dominant group, followed by copepods, kinorhynchs and polychaetas. The average abundances of meiofauna were (1 758±759) ind./(10 cm²), and (2 011±1 471) ind./(10 cm²) in September and December, respectively. The average biomasses of meiofauna were (1 216.4±464.7) μg/(10 cm²) and (1 143.0±755.0) μg/(10 cm²) in September and December, respectively. Results of CLUSTER analysis show that meiofaunal communities can be divided into two main groups, one was the offshore group, composed of stations in the offshore area, another group was the coastal group, composed of stations in the coastal area. However, the highest value of abundance always occurred in the depth about 60 m isobath where the salinity and temperature showed the characters of Kuroshio Current implying the intrusion of Kuroshio. We suggest that the intrusion of Kuroshio Current is the main cause of the increase of meiofaunal abundance, which can be treated as a response of meiofauna to the intrusion of Kuroshio, around the 60 m isobath. The high abundance of meiofauna may be explained by dissolved oxygen brought by the Kuroshio waters, and high primary production of water column benefitted from the supplying of phosphorus of the Kuroshio waters.
- meiofauna /
- ecology /
- bio-indicators /
- Changjiang River Estuary /
- Kuroshio Current

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图 1 采样站位

蓝色♦代表9月采样站位，红色●代表12月采样站位

Fig. 1 Sampling sites

Blue ♦ represents the sites in September, red ● represents the sites in December

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图 2 各站位沉积物不同粒径颗粒所占百分比

Fig. 2 Percentages of different grain sizes of the sediment in each site

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图 3 各站位沉积物颗粒平均粒径

Fig. 3 Average grain size of the sediment of each site

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图 4 研究海域环境因子主成分分析

Fig. 4 Results of PCA of environmental variables of the study area

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图 5 小型底栖动物丰度和生物量分布

a. 总丰度分布；b. 总生物量分布；c. 线虫丰度分布；d. 桡足类丰度分布

Fig. 5 Distribution patterns of meiofaunal abundance and biomass

a. Total abundance; b. total biomass; c. nematodes abundance; d. copepods abundance

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图 6 研究海域小型底栖动物群落聚类分析

Fig. 6 CLUSTER analysis of meiofaunal assemblages of the study area

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图 7 黄海沿岸流、黑潮分支、上升流和低氧中心区和小型底栖动物丰度分布

Fig. 7 Water currents, upwelling, center of low oxygen area, and distribution of meiofauna

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表 1 各站位水深、底层和表层水温和盐度

Tab. 1 Depth, temperature and salinity of the surface and bottom water of each site

2016年9月						2016年12月
站位	D/m	T_B/℃	S_B	T_S/℃	S_S	站位	D/m	TB/℃	S_B	T_S/℃	S_S
C1	28	24.3	32.2	25.3	31.5	B1	30	17.2	31.5	15.7	28.8
C3	42	24.7	32.5	25.7	32.5	B2	52	18.9	33.7	17.0	31.9
C5	44	22.0	31.1	25.4	29.7	B3	61	19.4	34.2	19.7	33.9
C6	58	14.2	32.2	25.4	29.7	B4	66	19.5	34.3	21.0	33.8
D1	21	23.5	31.5	26.2	17.5	B5	68	20.2	34.1	21.0	33.9
D4	54	19.7	34.5	25.9	29.4	BS	79	19.9	34.3	20.6	34.1
D6	59	21.4	34.4	27.4	31.7	A1	25	16.2	28.8	15.7	26.6
D8	66	23.2	34.3	27.6	33.1	A5	54	20.0	33.9	20.0	33.9
						A6	61	20.3	34.3	20.3	34.3
						A8	64	20.3	34.3	20.3	34.3
						A9	71	20.2	34.3	20.2	34.3
						AS	68	20.3	34.3	20.5	34.3
注：D代表水深；T_B代表底层水温；S_B代表底层盐度；T_S代表表层水温；S_S代表表层盐度。

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表 2 沉积物有机质和部分重金属含量

Tab. 2 Organic matter and heavy metal contents of the sediment

站位	TOC/%	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	As	站位	TOC/%	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	As
D1	0.56	32.3	91.4	32.1	103.2	0.2	11.6	A8	0.54	24.8	78.2	17.3	83.0	2.1	5.2
D4	0.27	19.7	61.3	10.1	56.4	2.1	4.3	A9	0.39	25.0	76.9	16.9	81.8	1.2	4.3
D6	0.34	19.1	63.1	10.1	57.1	1.4	3.9	AS	0.40	17.3	57.6	10.4	57.2	1.3	3.6
D8	0.36	22.6	67.7	14.2	68.7	0	5.0	B1	0.69	36.4	95.8	39.4	115.1	2.0	12.7
C1	0.37	18.7	66.4	17.2	65.6	1.6	7.2	B2	0.70	34.1	92.1	35.9	108.5	1.5	9.3
C5	0.42	27.6	89.7	21.1	83.5	1.5	8.6	B3	0.70	30.9	90.7	25.4	104.7	1.5	7.0
C6	0.40	24.3	72.0	17.4	70.9	1.6	5.7	B4	0.57	24.8	77.1	17.2	82.7	2.4	5.4
A1	0.55	31.0	90.3	35.6	103.7	3.8	12.0	B5	0.32	16.3	56.2	8.9	53.2	2.1	4.9
A5	0.79	35.6	95.6	35.5	111.8	0	10.4	BS	0.29	19.5	59.8	10.3	59.0	0	2.9
A6	0.45	24.7	75.9	17.6	81.5	0.2	6.0
注：重金属含量单位为mg/kg。

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表 3 研究海域环境因子间相关性

Tab. 3 Correlation between environmental variables of the study area

	TOC	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	As	D	T	S	黏土	粉砂	砂
Pb	0.89^**
Cr	0.86^**	0.97^**
Cu	0.86^**	0.96^**	0.93^**
Zn	0.92^**	0.98^**	0.97^**	0.96^**
Cd	0.05	0.00	0.07	0.12	0.06
As	0.72^**	0.85^**	0.85^**	0.94^**	0.85^**	0.18
D	−0.33	−0.50^*	−0.55^*	−0.66^**	−0.51^*	−0.28	−0.84^**
T	−0.24	−0.28	−0.20	−0.27	−0.25	−0.48^*	−0.16	−0.06
S	−0.21	−0.44	−0.50^*	−0.59^**	−0.44	−0.44	−0.75^**	0.83^**	0.25
黏土	0.77^**	0.86^**	0.89^**	0.78^**	0.84^**	−0.20	0.70^**	−0.39	−0.03	−0.36
粉砂	0.65^**	0.80^**	0.84^**	0.87^**	0.81^**	0.03	0.86^**	−0.73^**	0.00	−0.67^**	0.85^**
砂	−0.69^**	−0.84^**	−0.87^**	−0.87^**	−0.84^**	0.01	−0.85^**	0.69^**	0.01	0.63^**	−0.89^**	−0.99^**
Mz	−0.65^**	−0.80^**	−0.83^**	−0.82^**	−0.80^**	0.08	−0.79^**	0.64^**	−0.07	0.55^*	−0.88^**	−0.98^**	0.99^**
注：表示在0.05水平（双侧）上显著相关；*表示在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关；TOC代表有机质含量；D代表水深；T代表温度；S代表盐度。

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表 4 小型底栖动物丰度和环境因子相关性

Tab. 4 Relative coefficient between meiofaunal abundance and environmental variables

	总丰度	线虫类	桡足类	动吻类	多毛类	双壳类	介形类
TOC	0.418	0.408	0.414	0.674^**	−0.131	−0.270	−0.325
Pb	0.510^*	0.504^*	0.340	0.689^**	−0.100	−0.238	−0.175
Cr	0.476^*	0.473^*	0.244	0.589^**	−0.074	−0.257	−0.161
Cu	0.534^*	0.532^*	0.278	0.667^**	−0.239	−0.283	−0.206
Zn	0.500^*	0.498^*	0.280	0.638^**	−0.149	−0.292	−0.265
Cd	−0.094	−0.075	−0.414	−0.321	−0.266	−0.138	0.239
As	0.537^*	0.543^*	0.127	0.541^*	−0.265	−0.302	−0.142
深度	−0.378	−0.396	0.220	−0.202	0.290	0.228	−0.046
温度	−0.233	−0.224	−0.278	−0.261	−0.163	−0.395	−0.040
盐度	−0.337	−0.355	0.197	−0.065	0.212	0.030	−0.005
黏土	0.325	0.315	0.338	0.541^*	−0.020	−0.191	−0.213
粉砂	0.366	0.369	0.096	0.452	−0.270	−0.344	−0.121
砂	−0.367	−0.367	−0.143	−0.479^*	0.230	0.324	0.141
注：表示在0.05水平（双侧）上显著相关；*表示在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关。

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表 5 与同海域其他研究比较

Tab. 5 Comparison with other studies in the same area

平均丰度/ 个·10⁻¹ cm⁻²	最高丰度/ 个·10⁻¹ cm⁻²	最高丰度海域	平均生物量/μg·10⁻¹ cm⁻²	线虫丰度比/%	线虫生物量比/%	其他优势类群	采样深度 /cm	网筛孔径 /μm	采样时间	参考文献
1 758±759	2 970	31.0°N，122.6°E	1 216±464	95.6	55.3	桡足、动吻	8	31	2016年9月	本研究
2 011±1471	4 837	28.8°N，122.7°E	1 143±755	95.6	67.3	桡足、动吻	8	31	2016年12月	本研究
654±441	1 626	27.8°N，122.0°E	807±517	87.0	28.0	桡足、多毛	10	50	2000年10月	张志南等^[51]
342±252	/	/	285±173	91.0	44.0	桡足、多毛	10	50	2001年4月	张志南等^[51]
1 971±583	5 500	31.0°N，122.6°E	1 393±516	91.0	51.0	桡足、多毛、动吻、双壳	8	31	2003年6月	华尔等^[20]
2 220±478	3 699	30.0°N，123.0°E	1 529±546	87.5	50.2	桡足、动吻	8	31	2003年6月	Hua等^[47]
1 081±700	3 573	31.0°N，123.5°E	754±546	95.4	55.4	桡足、多毛、动吻、双壳	10	32	2007年4月	王小谷等^[22]
1 140±675	2 515	30.5°N，123°E	1 058±627	85.7	36.9	桡足、动吻、多毛	8	31	2009年6月	吴秀琴^[56]
1 081±700	2 739	31.0°N，122.5°E	600±374	94.4	68.1	涡虫、桡足、动吻、多毛	8	31	2009年11月	于婷婷和徐奎栋^[23]
1 947±849	3 831	31.0°N，123.5°E	/	90.0	37.0	桡足、多毛、动吻	8	31	2011年4月	孟昭翠^[55]
1 203±191	1 501	32.0°N，124.0°E	723±171	94.1	62.1	桡足、动吻、多毛	8	31	2012年7月	史本泽等^[24]

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