浙江南部近海鱼类分类多样性研究

戴小杰; 杨志金; 田思泉; 高春霞; 戴黎斌

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.08.005

浙江南部近海鱼类分类多样性研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.08.005

戴小杰^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
杨志金^{1, 2, 4},
田思泉^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
高春霞^{1, 2, 3, 4},
戴黎斌^{1, 2, 4}

1.
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院，上海 201306
2.
中国远洋渔业数据中心，上海 201306
3.
国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心，上海 201306
4.
大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室，上海 201306

基金项目: 浙江省渔业资源调查（温台地区）（158053）；大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室开放基金（201704）。

详细信息

作者简介:
戴小杰（1966—），男，安徽省无为县人，教授，研究方向为渔业资源评估和管理。E-mail：xjdai@shou.edu.cn

通讯作者:
田思泉，教授，研究方向为渔业资源评估和管理。E-mail：sqtian@shou.edu.cn

中图分类号: P745
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-05-31
- 修回日期: 2018-07-17
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-08-25

Taxonomic diversity of fish species in the off southern Zhejiang, East China Sea

Dai Xiaojie^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
Yang Zhijin^{1, 2, 4},
Tian Siquan^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
Gao Chunxia^{1, 2, 3, 4},
Dai Libin^{1, 2, 4}

1.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
National Data Centre for Distant-Water Fisheries of China, Shanghai 201306, China
3.
National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 根据2015年11月至2016年8月浙江南部近海鱼类调查资料，采用纳尔逊分类系统整理鱼类物种组成，通过计算分类阶元包含指数(TINCL_i)、分类多样性指数(平均分类差异指数△⁺和分类差异变异指数∧⁺)分析浙南近海鱼类的分类多样性。调查结果共记录鱼类182种，分属18目78科130属。TINCL_i分析结果显示，浙南近海鱼类种类组成中，其目、科、属所包含的(科、属、种)、(属、种)和(种)的平均数目分别为(4.33、7.22、10.11)、(1.67、2.33)和(1.40)。浙江南部近海鱼类△⁺值和∧⁺值分别为62.9和77.0。浙江南部近海鱼类△⁺值小于高纬度的黄、渤海(66.4)和山东近海(66.1)，大于低纬度的南沙群岛(56.6)、西沙群岛(60.2)和东沙群岛(55.2)，呈现随着纬度降低鱼类△⁺值随之降低的规律。通过分析浙江南部近海鱼类的分类多样性，可以为浙江南部近海鱼类资源的可持续开发利用及保护提供重要的参考依据。
- 分类多样性 /
- 平均分类差异指数 /
- 分类差异变异指数 /
- 分类阶元包含指数 /
- 浙江南部近海
Abstract: This study documents the data of fish species systematically collected in the off southern Zhejiang, East China Sea, from November 2015 to August 2016, according to Nelson’s classification system and analyzed the diversity at different taxonomic levels. The inclusion index at taxonomic level (TINCL_i), taxonomic diversity (the average taxonomic distinctness △⁺ and the variation in taxonomic distinctness ∧⁺) are used in this study. The results show that the fish species in the waters belonged to 18 orders, 78 families, 130 genera and 182 species. It is concluded that the number of species in spring (104 species) is larger than that in autumn (103 species) and winter (93 species), while the smallest number occurs in summer (88 species). Analyzed by TINCL_i, the average numbers of (families, genera, species), (genera, species) and (species) per order, family and genus are (4.33、7.22、10.11), (1.67、2.33) and (1.40). The △⁺ and ∧⁺ in the off southern Zhejiang, East China Sea, are 62.9 and 77.0, respectively. The △⁺ in our study area is less than those in the high latitude areas, such as the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (66.4), the coastal waters off Shandong (66.1), and is greater than those in the lower latitude waters including the Nansha Islands (56.6), the Xisha Islands (60.2) and the Dongsha Islands (55.2). The results above indicate that the △⁺ decreases with latitude. This study analyzed taxonomic diversity of fish species in the off southern Zhejiang, East China Sea, which can provide reference for the exploitation and conservation of fish species in local waters.
- taxonomic diversity /
- the average taxonomic distinctness /
- the variation in taxonomic distinctness /
- inclusion index at taxonomic level /
- off southern Zhejiang, East China Sea

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图 1 浙江南部近海渔业资源拖网调查站位

Fig. 1 Sampling stations of the bottom trawls in the off southern Zhejiang, East China Sea.

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图 2 由低纬度海域到高纬度海域分类阶元包含指数（TINCL_i）的变化趋势

1. 南沙群岛，2. 南沙群岛西南陆架，3. 西沙群岛，4. 北部湾口，5. 北部湾，6. 东沙群岛，7. 大亚湾，8. 东山湾，9. 东海陆架，10. 台山列岛周边海域， 11. 浙江南部海域，12. 山东近海，13. 海州湾，14. 唐山湾

Fig. 2 The change trend of the inclusion index at taxonomic level from low latitude waters to high latitude waters

1. Nansha Islands, 2. southwestern continental shelf of Nansha Islands, 3. Xisha Islands, 4. the mouth of Beibu Bay, 5. Beibu Gulf, 6. Dongsha Islands, 7. Daya Bay, 8. Dongshan Bay, 9. East China Sea continent shelf, 10. the waters surrounding the Taishan Islands, 11. southern waters of Zhejiang Province, 12. coastal waters off Shandong, 13. Haizhou Bay, 14. Tangshan Bay

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图 3 平均分类差异指数（△⁺）95%置信漏斗曲线

Fig. 3 95% probability funnels of average taxonomic distinctness

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图 4 分类差异变异指数（∧⁺）95%置信漏斗曲线

Fig. 4 95% probability funnels of variation in taxonomic distinctness

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图 5 由低纬度海域到高纬度海域平均分类差异指数（△⁺）的变化趋势

1. 南沙群岛，2. 南沙群岛西南陆架，3. 西沙群岛，4. 北部湾口，5. 北部湾，6. 东沙群岛，7. 大亚湾，8. 东山湾，9. 东海陆架，10. 台山列岛周边海域，11. 浙江南部海域，12. 山东近海，13. 海州湾，14. 唐山湾

Fig. 5 The change trend of average taxonomic distinctness (△⁺) from low latitude waters to high latitude waters

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表 1 浙江南部近海鱼类目、科、属和种不同分类阶元的组成及其所占比例

Tab. 1 Compositions of order, family, genus, and species of fishes in the off southern Zhejiang, East China Sea

纲	目	科数量(百分比)	属数量(百分比)	种数量(百分比)
软骨鱼纲Elasmobranchii	真鲨目Carcharhiniformes	1(1.3%)	1(0.8%)	1(0.5%)
	鲼形目Myliobatiformes	1(1.3%)	1(0.8%)	1(0.5%)
硬骨鱼纲Osteichthyes	鲈形目Perciformes	36(46.2%)	59(45.4%)	79(43.4%)
	鲉形目Scorpaeniformes	8(10.3%)	14(10.8%)	16(8.8%)
	鲽形目Pleuronectiformes	6(7.7%)	10(7.7%)	21(11.5%)
	鳗鲡目Anguilliformes	6(7.7%)	9(6.9%)	11(6.0%)
	鲀形目Tetraodontiformes	3(3.8%)	6(4.6%)	9(4.9%)
	仙女鱼目Aulopiformes	3(3.8%)	4(3.1%)	6(3.3%)
	鮟目Lophiiformes	2(2.6%)	2(1.5%)	3(1.6%)
	刺鱼目Gasterosteiformes	2(2.6%)	5(3.8%)	6(3.3%)
	鲱形目Clupeiformes	2(2.6%)	9(6.9%)	17(9.3%)
	鳕形目Gadiformes	2(2.6%)	2(1.5%)	4(2.2%)
	辫鱼目Ateleopodiformes	1(1.3%)	1(0.8%)	1(0.5%)
	灯笼鱼目Myctophiformes	1(1.3%)	1(0.8%)	1(0.5%)
	海鲂目Zeiformes	1(1.3%)	1(0.8%)	1(0.5%)
	颌针鱼目Beloniformes	1(1.3%)	1(0.8%)	1(0.5%)
	鼬鳚目Ophidiiformes	1(1.3%)	3(2.3%)	3(1.6%)
	鲻形目Mugiliformes	1(1.3%)	1(0.8%)	1(0.5%)
合计	18	78(100.0%)	130(100.0%)	182(100.0%)

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表 2 浙江南部近海鱼类种类数及其所占比例的季节变化

Tab. 2 Seasonal variation in numbers of fish species in the off southern Zhejiang, East China Sea

目	春	夏	秋	冬
目	种类数(百分比)	种类数(百分比)	种类数(百分比)	种类数(百分比)
真鲨目Carcharhiniformes	1(1.0%)	1(1.1%)	1(1.0%)	0(0.0%)
鲼形目Myliobatiformes	1(1.0%)	1(1.1%)	1(1.0%)	0(0.0%)
鲈形目Perciformes	46(44.2%)	45(51.1%)	48(46.6%)	33(35.5%)
鲉形目Scorpaeniformes	8(7.7%)	7(8.0%)	9(8.7%)	10(10.8%)
鲽形目Pleuronectiformes	11(10.6%）	5(5.7%)	9(8.7%)	12(12.9%)
鳗鲡目Anguilliformes	8(7.7%)	4(4.5%)	7(6.8%)	7(7.5%)
鲀形目Tetraodontiformes	3(2.9%)	5(5.7%)	6(5.8%)	6(6.5%)
仙女鱼目Aulopiformes	5(4.8%)	4(4.5%)	4(3.9%)	3(3.2%)
鮟目Lophiiformes	2(1.9%)	2(2.3%)	1(1.0%)	2(2.2%)
刺鱼目Gasterosteiformes	4(3.8%)	2(2.3%)	1(1.0%)	3(3.2%)
鲱形目Clupeiformes	7(6.7%)	7(8.0%)	10(9.7%)	10(10.8%)
鳕形目Gadiformes	4(3.8%)	3(3.4%)	2(1.9%)	2(2.2%)
辫鱼目Ateleopodiformes	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	1(1.1%)
灯笼鱼目Myctophiformes	1(1.0%)	1(1.1%)	1(1.0%)	1(1.1%)
海鲂目Zeiformes	0(0.0%)	1(1.1%)	0(0.0%)	1(1.1%)
颌针鱼目Beloniformes	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	1(1.0%)	0(0.0%)
鼬鳚目Ophidiiformes	3(2.9%)	0(0.0%)	2(1.9%)	1(1.1%)
鲻形目Mugiliformes	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	0(0.0%)	1(1.1%)
合计	104(100.0%)	88(100.0%)	103(100.0%)	93(100.0%)

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表 3 不同海域鱼类分类学多样性指数和分类阶元包含指数（TINCL_i）

Tab. 3 Taxonomic diversity of fish species and the inclusion index (TINCL_i) at taxonomic level in different waters

区域	纬度	鱼类物种数目/种	△⁺	∧⁺	科/目	属/目	种/目	属/科	种/科	种/属	文献
南沙群岛	4°00′～12°00′ N	548	56.6	150.0	3.89	11.74	28.84	3.01	7.41	2.46	[17]
南沙群岛西南陆架	5°00′～11°00′ N	297	65.8	110.0	5.50	10.30	14.85	1.87	2.70	1.44	[19]
西沙群岛	15°00′～17°00′ N	661	60.2	—	3.72	12.20	26.44	3.28	7.11	2.17	[16]
北部湾口	16°15′～18°00′ N	301	46.3	124.5	3.85	7.50	11.58	1.95	3.01	1.54	[26]
北部湾	17°00′～21°45′ N	626	63.5	110.0	5.11	13.74	23.19	2.69	4.54	1.69	[15]
东沙群岛	20°33′～21°10′ N	403	55.2	110.0	3.78	9.61	22.39	2.54	5.93	2.33	[14]
大亚湾	22°30′～22°50′ N	320	62.2	110.0	4.27	9.36	14.55	2.19	3.40	1.55	[18]
东山湾	23°30′～23°54′ N	114	65.8	129.5	3.80	5.40	7.60	1.42	2.00	1.41	[20]
东海陆架	26°00′～33°00′ N	350	65.7	110.0	4.13	8.16	12.07	1.97	2.92	1.48	[38]
台山列岛周边海域	26°55′～27°00′ N	208	63.1	378.4	4.05	7.50	10.40	1.85	2.57	1.39	[25]
浙江南部海域	27°00′～29°00′ N	183	62.9	77.0	4.33	7.22	10.11	1.67	2.33	1.40	本研究
山东近海	34°00′～38°00′ N	225	66.1	141.7	3.25	6.04	8.04	1.86	2.47	1.33	[24]
海州湾	34°20′～35°40′ N	96	79.5	200.6	3.38	5.46	7.38	1.61	2.18	1.35	[22]
唐山湾	38°30′～39°00′ N	95	64.2	136.0	2.93	5.21	6.79	1.78	2.32	1.30	[23]

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