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围填海对海洋水动力与生态环境的影响

林磊 刘东艳 刘哲 高会旺

林磊, 刘东艳, 刘哲, 高会旺. 围填海对海洋水动力与生态环境的影响[J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(8): 1-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.001
引用本文: 林磊, 刘东艳, 刘哲, 高会旺. 围填海对海洋水动力与生态环境的影响[J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(8): 1-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.001
Lin Lei, Liu Dongyan, Liu Zhe, Gao Huiwang. Impact of land reclamation on marine hydrodynamic and ecological environment[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2016, 38(8): 1-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.001
Citation: Lin Lei, Liu Dongyan, Liu Zhe, Gao Huiwang. Impact of land reclamation on marine hydrodynamic and ecological environment[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2016, 38(8): 1-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.001

围填海对海洋水动力与生态环境的影响

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.001
基金项目: 科技部基础性工作专项“我国典型潮间带沉积物本底及质量调查与图集编研”(2014FY210600);山东省自然科学杰出基金(JQ201414);新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助(NCET-13-0529);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200805011);国家自然科学基金委员会——山东人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目(U1406403)。

Impact of land reclamation on marine hydrodynamic and ecological environment

  • 摘要: 近10年来,中国海岸带围填海活动呈现出规模大、速度快的发展态势。围填海能带来显著的经济效益,但对海洋环境与生态的负面影响也不可忽视。针对围填海对海洋环境和生态的影响及作用机制,分别从水动力和生态系统两个方面进行了概述。围填海改变了海洋的自然几何属性(原始岸线、地形地貌、海湾面积),引起水动力环境的变化(潮汐系统和海湾水交换能力),进而影响了海湾的环境容量;围填海破坏了生物栖息地、导致生物多样性的丧失,影响到生态系统结构与功能的稳定性;水动力与生物多样性的变化可显著影响到生物地球化学过程,加速富营养化进程,恶化水质,增加生态灾害风险。目前,围填海后的生态修复策略主要有增加生物量、建设自然保护区、退陆还海3种方式;而生态补偿策略则多基于“生态系统服务功能与生境面积的大小为线性关系”,通过对其经济价值的量化后进行生态补偿与实施相关政策。国际上,生态系统服务功能的量化参数逐步纳入实际管理,并在线性关系研究的基础上,逐步纳入一些非线性的理念,使生态补偿机制更为合理化;而我国对于围填海生态效应的定量化研究及科学理论在管理政策中的实际应用仍亟待提高。整体而言,全面、准确地评估围填海对海洋环境与生态的影响离不开自然科学与社会科学的交叉与融合。
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  • 收稿日期:  2016-01-12
  • 修回日期:  2016-03-01

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