两种底栖硅藻生物被膜生物学特性及诱导贻贝附着能力的比较

杨雨; 王杜伊; 李瑞华; 杨金龙; 梁箫

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025132

两种底栖硅藻生物被膜生物学特性及诱导贻贝附着能力的比较

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025132

杨雨^{1, 2,},
王杜伊^{1, 2},
李瑞华^{1, 2},
杨金龙^{1, 2, 3},
梁箫^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海 201306
2.
上海海洋大学国家海洋生物科学国际联合研究中心，上海 201306
3.
上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心，上海 201306

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“海洋农业与淡水渔业科技创新”重点专项（2023YF2401902）；国家重点研发计划（No. 2023YFE0115500）资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
杨雨（1999—），女，山东省潍坊市人，从事海洋硅藻与贝类互作研究。E-mail：m230100120@st.shou.edu.cn

通讯作者:
梁箫，副教授，主要研究海洋微生物与贝类互作。E-mail：x-liang@shou.edu.cn

中图分类号: S968.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-18
- 修回日期: 2025-09-28
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2025-11-30

Comparison of biological characteristics and mussel settlement inducing capabilities of two benthic diatom biofilms

Yang Yu^{1, 2
,},
Wang Duyi^{1, 2},
Li Ruihua^{1, 2},
Yang Jinlong^{1, 2, 3},
Liang Xiao^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
3.
Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Breed Creation and Green Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 硅藻作为生物被膜的重要组成成分，能够诱导贝类等无脊椎动物附着，胞外聚合物是其发挥诱导作用的关键物质。然而，目前关于硅藻诱导贻贝附着的作用机制尚不明晰。硅藻胞外聚合物（extracellular polymers substance，EPS）通常由多糖、蛋白质和核酸等物质构成，具体成分因物种不同存在差异。为研究不同硅藻生物被膜生物学特性及其诱导厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的能力，本研究从自然生物被膜中分离纯化出两株不同属的硅藻，培养21 d后测定其形成生物被膜的叶绿素a含量、硅藻密度和稚贝附着率等特性；采用热溶剂浸提法对海洋硅藻生物被膜结合性EPS进行提取，测得多糖和蛋白质含量。结果显示，小皮舟形藻（Navicula pelliculosa）生物被膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着具有高诱导活性（63.8%），菱形藻（Nitzschia traheaformis）生物被膜与空白组无差异；生物被膜的荧光共聚焦图像分析结果显示，小皮舟形藻生物被膜含有更多的胞外多糖，且水不溶性多糖组分占比达51.49%，菱形藻生物被膜含有更多的蛋白质组分。本研究初步探讨了不同海洋硅藻生物被膜的生物学特性，为解析硅藻生物被膜胞外物质诱导厚壳贻贝稚贝附着提供理论支撑。
- 硅藻 /
- 生物被膜 /
- 胞外多糖 /
- 厚壳贻贝 /
- 附着
Abstract: Diatoms, as an important component of biofilms, can induce the settlement of invertebrates such as mussels. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by diatom play important roles in the induction process. However, the mechanism by which diatoms promote mussel settlement remains unclear. Diatom EPS typically consists of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances, with specific composition varying among species. To investigate the biological characteristics of different diatom biofilms and their ability to induce the settlement of Mytilus coruscus, two strains of diatoms were isolated and purified from natural biofilms in this study. After a cultivation period of 21 days, the chlorophyll a content and density of the diatom biofilm were measured. Moreover, its inducing activity on mussel settlement was investigated. Bound EPS from marine diatom biofilms was extracted using a hot solvent extraction method, and the content of polysaccharides and proteins was measured. The results showed that the biofilm of Navicula pelliculosa had high induction activity for mussel larvae settlement (63.8%), while the biofilm of Nitzschia traheaformis showed no difference from the blank group. Analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that Navicula pelliculosa biofilm contained more extracellular polysaccharides, with water-insoluble polysaccharide components accounting for 51.49%. In contrast, Nitzschia traheaformis biofilms contained a higher proportion of protein components. This study preliminarily explored the biological characteristics of different marine diatom biofilms, providing theoretical support for understanding how diatom biofilm extracellular substances induce mussel larvae settlement.
- Diatoms /
- biofilm /
- extracellular polysaccharides /
- Mytilus coruscus /
- settlement

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图 1 两种硅藻SEM图像：小皮舟形藻（a）；菱形藻（b）

Fig. 1 Two types of diatom SEM images: Navicula pelliculosa (a); Nitzschia traheaformis (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 无菌处理后两种硅藻生物被膜密度

不同字母表示各组间存在显著差异（p < 0.05）

Fig. 2 The biofilm density of the two diatom species after sterile treatment

Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 两种硅藻生物被膜的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量及二者比值

不同字母表示各组间存在显著差异（p < 0.05）

Fig. 3 Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and their ratios in the biofilm of two diatoms

Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 两种硅藻生物被膜的硅藻密度及其稚贝附着率

不同字母表示各组间存在显著差异（p < 0.05）

Fig. 4 Diatom density and juvenile settlement rate of two diatom biofilms

Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 激光共聚焦扫描电镜下两种硅藻生物被膜胞外多糖和蛋白的图像（A）和生物量（B）

不同字母表示各组间存在显著差异（p < 0.05），ns表示无显著差异（p > 0.05）

Fig. 5 Image (A) and biovolume (B) of exopolysaccharides and proteins in two diatom biofilms under CLSM

Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05), ns indicates significant different (p > 0.05)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 胞外物质组成

Fig. 6 Composition of extracellular matter

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 生物被膜胞外物质含量与诱导活性的相关性分析

Tab. 1 Correlation analysis between biofilm extracellular substance content and inducing activity

项目	多糖		蛋白质
项目	r	p	r	p
附着率	0.90	<0.001*	−0.89	<0.001*
注：*表示各组间存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 胞外物质组成

Tab. 2 Composition of extracellular matter

	胞外多糖/（mg·mL⁻¹）			胞外蛋白质/（mg·mL⁻¹）			总计/（mg·mL⁻¹）
	水不溶性	水溶性	多糖合计	水不溶性	水溶性	蛋白合计	总计/（mg·mL⁻¹）
小皮舟形藻	3.61 ± 0.01	0.96 ± 0.02	4.57 ± 0.01^a	1.17 ± 0.03	1.22 ± 0.01	2.4 ± 0.01^b	6.97 ± 0.02
菱形藻	1.06 ± 0.18	0.77 ± 0.01	1.84 ± 0.12^c	1.20 ± 0.05	1.24 ± 0.06	2.44 ± 0.22^b	4.28 ± 0.01
注：不同字母表示各组间存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。

下载: 导出CSV

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