聚苯乙烯微塑料对褐菖鲉(<i>Sebastiscus marmoratus</i>)肠道的毒性研究

罗统钦; 阮泽超; 张燕; 王跃斌; 汪倩凤; 柴学军

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025106

聚苯乙烯微塑料对褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)肠道的毒性研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025106

罗统钦^{1, 2,},
阮泽超²,
张燕²,
王跃斌²,
汪倩凤²,
柴学军^{1, 2, ,}

1.
浙江海洋大学水产学院，浙江舟山 316022
2.
浙江省海洋水产研究所浙江省海水增养殖重点实验室，浙江舟山 316021

基金项目: 浙江省海洋水产研究所科技计划项目院所专项（HYS-CZ-202504）；浙江省海洋水产研究所渔业专项（HYS-CZ-202506）；舟山市育种育苗科创中心专项（2024Y001-4）。

详细信息

作者简介:
罗统钦（2001—），男，广西壮族自治区玉林市人，从事海洋生物毒理相关研究。E-mail：2995664789@qq.com

通讯作者:
柴学军，教授级高级工程师，从事海水鱼类苗种繁育、健康养殖技术及逆境适应性研究。E-mail：chaixj6530@sohu.com

中图分类号: Q959.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-17
- 修回日期: 2025-04-30
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-23
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-30

Toxicological study of polystyrene microplastics on the intestine of Sebastiscus marmoratus

1.
Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Mariculturre & Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究聚苯乙烯微塑料对褐菖鲉（Sebastiscus marmoratus）肠道的毒性效应，将褐菖鲉分别暴露于0、1和10 mg/L的聚苯乙烯微塑料溶液中21 d，通过富集试验、组织学切片、转录组学及16S rRNA测序等技术检测褐菖鲉肠道形态结构、差异表达基因以及微生物菌群的变化。结果表明，褐菖鲉肠道中聚苯乙烯微塑料积累量随着暴露时间的增加呈现显著性上升趋势，7 d时质量分数达到16.20 × 10⁻⁶（μg/g）。聚苯乙烯微塑料暴露会对肠道造成病理学损伤，1 mg/L质量浓度组表现为肠黏膜细胞出现坏死和脱落并伴有空泡结构形成，10 mg/L质量浓度组肠绒毛出现更为明显萎缩和坏死，空泡化结构增多，肠壁厚度、肌层厚度、肠绒毛长度和宽度均出现显著性降低。转录组测序显示聚苯乙烯微塑料暴露后7 d和21 d各有313和169个基因的表达量出现显著性变化，经KEGG富集分析发现7 d时主要富集在p53信号通路（p53 signaling pathway）、淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径（starch and sucrose metabolism）、Toll样受体信号通路（Toll-like receptor signaling pathway）等；21 d时主要富集在类固醇生物合成途径（Steroid biosynthesis）、花生四烯酸代谢途径（arachidonic acid metabolism）、NOD样受体信号通路（NOD-like receptor signaling pathway）等。肠道微生物菌群结构在门分类水平上不会随着聚苯乙烯微塑料暴露发生明显变化，但是梭杆菌科（Fusobacteriaceae）、鲸杆菌属（Cetobacterium）、弧菌科（Vibrionaceae）和普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）等相对丰度增加也暗示着肠道屏障修复和抗炎症功能升高。综上所述，聚苯乙烯微塑料暴露可损伤褐菖鲉肠道组织，破坏肠道屏障并诱发炎症，进而影响其健康。
- 褐菖鲉（Sebastiscus marmoratus） /
- 聚苯乙烯微塑料 /
- 富集 /
- 组织学切片 /
- 转录组分析 /
- 肠道微生物菌群
Abstract: To evaluate the toxicological effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the intestinal health of Sebastiscus marmoratus, individuals were exposed to PS-MP solutions at concentrations of 0, 1, and 10 mg/L for 21 days. A combination of analytical approaches, including enrichment analysis, histological examination, transcriptomic profiling, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, was employed to assess alterations in intestinal morphology, gene expression, and microbial community composition. The results demonstrated a time-dependent accumulation of PS-MPs in the intestines, with mass fraction reaching 16.20 × 10^–6 (μg/g) by day 7. Histopathological analysis revealed dose-dependent intestinal damage: at 1 mg/L, necrosis, detachment, and vacuolar degeneration of mucosal cells were observed; at 10 mg/L, severe villus atrophy, necrosis, vacuolization, and significant reductions in intestinal wall thickness, muscle layer thickness, and villus length and width were evident. Transcriptomic analysis identified 313 and 169 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 7 and 21 days of exposure, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that DEGs at day 7 were primarily involved in the p53 signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. By day 21, enrichment was observed in pathways related to steroid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Although no significant changes in microbial composition were detected at the phylum level, notable increases in the relative abundances of Fusobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae at the family level and Cetobacterium, Prevotella at the genus level were observed, potentially indicating enhanced intestinal barrier repair and anti-inflammatory responses. In conclusion, PS-MP exposure resulted in structural damage to intestinal tissues, disruption of the mucosal barrier, and inflammatory responses in S. marmoratus, ultimately compromising organismal health.
- Sebastiscus marmoratus /
- polystyrene microplastics /
- enrichment /
- histology observation /
- transcriptome analysis /
- intestinal microbiota

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图 1 微塑料在褐菖鲉肠组织中的积累

a. 荧光聚苯乙烯微球在肠绒毛上皮细胞中的分布，白色箭头所指为荧光聚苯乙烯微球；b. 不同质量浓度荧光聚苯乙烯微球对应OD值的标准曲线；c. 聚苯乙烯微球在肠组织中的富集过程，不同字母表示显著性差异，P < 0.05

Fig. 1 Accumulation of microplastics in S. marmoratus intestine

a. Distribution of fluorescent polystyrene microspheres in intestinal villus epithelial cells. The white arrows point to the fluorescent polystyrene microspheres; b. standard curve of OD values corresponding to different mass concentrations of fluorescent polystyrene microspheres; c. enrichment process of polystyrene microspheres in intestine, different letters indicate significant differences, P < 0.05

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图 2 微塑料对褐菖鲉肠组织损伤的组织学观察

a–c. 对照组（0 mg/L聚苯乙烯微球）21 d的肠组织切片；d–f. 1 mg/L聚苯乙烯微球暴露21 d的肠组织切片；g–i. 10 mg/L聚苯乙烯微球暴露21 d的肠组织切片

Fig. 2 Histological observation of microplastic damage to intestine in S. marmoratus

a–c. Histological sections of S. marmoratus intestine in the control group (0 mg/L polystyrene microspheres) at 21 days; d–f. histological sections of S. marmoratus intestine in the treatment group (1 mg/L polystyrene microspheres) at 21 days; g–i. histological sections of S. marmoratus intestine in the treatment group (10 mg/L polystyrene microspheres) at 21 days

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图 4 差异表达基因的功能富集分析

聚苯乙烯微球暴露7 d后的褐菖鲉肠组织转录组与对照组差异表达基因的KEGG (a)和GO (b)富集分析；聚苯乙烯微球暴露21 d后的褐菖鲉肠组织转录组与对照组差异表达基因的KEGG (c)和GO (d)富集分析

Fig. 4 Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes

KEGG (a) and GO (b) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the intestine transcriptome of S. marmoratus exposed to polystyrene microspheres for 7 days compared with the control group; KEGG (c) and GO (d) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the intestine transcriptome of S. marmoratus exposed to polystyrene microspheres for 7 days compared with the control group

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图 3 褐菖鲉肠组织转录本间相关性分析及差异表达基因数量统计

a. 转录本间斯皮尔曼相关系数R²热图，R²越接近1表明相关越高；b. 聚苯乙烯微球暴露7 d和21 d后差异基因数量统计

Fig. 3 Correlation analysis between transcripts and statistics of differentially expressed genes in S. marmoratus intestine

a. Heatmap of Spearman’s correlation coefficient R² between transcripts. The closer R² is to 1, the higher the correlation; b. statistics of differentially expressed genes after 7 and 21 days of polystyrene microsphere exposure

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图 5 转录组结果qRT-PCR验证

Fig. 5 qRT-PCR validation of transcriptome results

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图 6 聚苯乙烯微塑料对褐菖鲉肠道微生物群落组成及丰度的影响

a. 门分类水平上肠道微生物群落组成；b. 基于LEfSe分析的肠道微生物群落LDA评分柱状图（LDA > 3），o表示目水平(order)，f表示科水平(family)，g表示属水平(genus)，s表示种水平(species)；c. 基于LEfSe分析的肠道微生物分支图，每个圈的大小代表分类单元的丰度

Fig. 6 Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the composition and abundance of intestinal microbial communities in S. marmoratus

a. Composition of intestinal microbial communities at the phylum classification level; b. LDA score bar graph of intestinal microbial communities based on LEfSe analysis (LDA > 3), o means order level, f means family level, g means genus level, s means species level; c. branch diagram of intestinal microorganisms based on LEfSe analysis, the size of each circle represents the abundance of the taxonomic unit

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表 1 转录组验证相关基因qRT-PCR引物序列

Tab. 1 qRT-PCR primer sequences for transcriptome validation of related genes

基因	基因编号	上游引物(5'–3')	下游引物(5'–3')
Ap-ey	Seb005471	GTGGCTTCACATTAGGGA	CAGTCGCAGCAATCTTTT
Chia.1	Seb015280	ACAACGGCAGCCCACAG	GGGACGGAAACCAGCAA
Tnfb	Seb010742	AGCCAAGGCAGCCATCC	GCCACCCTGAGCAAACG
Rxfp3	Seb013534	CAATGGGCTGGAGATTC	GTGGTGATGGTGCGAGT
IL-1β	Seb008799	GACATGCAACGTGAGCGAGAT	AGCGGCCACCCTTAAACCT
Lyg2	Seb011630	CCTGGGACAGTGAGGAACA	CTGGCAACGACATCATTGGAG
Hce-1	Seb012543	GCCGCCGTGGTTATTCC	TGTGCTGGTCCCTGTCG
β-actin	Seb018988	ATCCTGCGTCTTGACTTGG	TGGGCAACGGAACCTCT
注：Ap-ey，aminopeptidase Ey-like，氨肽酶Ey样蛋白；Chia.1，Chitinase，几丁质酶；Tnfb，Tumor necrosis factor b，肿瘤坏死因子b；Rxfp3，Relaxin-3 receptor，松弛素-3受体；IL-1β，Interleukin-1β，白介素1β；Lyg2，Lysozyme g2，溶菌酶g2；Hce-1，High chorionic soluble enzyme 1，高绒毛膜可溶性酶1；β-actin，β-肌动蛋白。

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表 2 褐菖鲉肠组织结构主要形态指标

Tab. 2 Main morphological indexes of S. marmoratus intestine

聚苯乙烯微球质量浓度	肠壁厚度/ μm	肌层厚度/ μm	肠绒毛长度/ μm	绒毛宽度/ μm
0 mg/L (对照组)	722.78 ± 85.13^a	224.44 ± 23.88^a	523.89 ± 47.96^a	86.67 ± 7.59^a
1 mg/L	744.35 ± 68.22^a	172.75 ± 17.04^a	443.48 ± 76.30^a	72.46 ± 4.24^a
10 mg/L	340.80 ± 70.51^b	84.27 ± 15.08^b	163.73 ± 70.00^b	53.33 ± 4.94^b
注：不同字母表示显著性差异(P < 0.05)。

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表 3 转录组测序质量控制评估统计

Tab. 3 Transcriptome sequencing quality control assessment statistics

处理组	样品名	Read Sum/ 条	Base Sum/ bp	GC含量/ %	Q20含量/ %	Q30含量/ %
对照组 (7 d)	C7d-1	22 195 470	6 645 865 363	47.96	97.49	92.99
	C7d-2	23 945 721	7 167 698 090	48.18	97.62	93.35
	C7d-3	20 782 776	6 222 969 089	47.73	96.87	91.53
微塑料处理组 (7 d)	T7d-1	20 342 804	6 090 487 296	48.38	96.56	90.74
	T7d-2	20 603 189	6 163 545 646	48.3	97.85	93.68
	T7d-3	22 157 429	6 636 136 422	48.8	97.33	92.44
对照组 (21 d)	C21d-1	22 527 606	6 745 899 584	49.26	97.69	93.51
	C21d-2	22 925 541	6 862 648 252	48.72	97.41	92.54
	C21d-3	24 512 631	7 341 308 812	49.59	97.61	93.1
微塑料处理组 (21 d)	T21d-1	20 860 878	6 245 600 995	48.39	97.25	92.34
	T21d-2	20 959 519	6 272 482 585	48.61	97.17	91.99
	T21d-3	20 196 772	6 047 124 185	48.44	97.08	91.81

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