海马齿对三种典型赤潮甲藻的化感作用及潜在化感物质的鉴定

吴克敏; 鲁介一; 黄凌风

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025042

海马齿对三种典型赤潮甲藻的化感作用及潜在化感物质的鉴定

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025042

厦门大学环境与生态学院，滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室，厦门 361102，中国

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划 (2024YFF1306805)。

详细信息

作者简介:
吴克敏（1999—），男，福建省三明市人，主要从事海洋生态学研究。E-mail：33120221152321@stu.xmu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
黄凌风，男，教授，主要从事海洋生态学，恢复生态学和赤潮科学等方面研究。E-mail: huanglf@xmu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-24
- 修回日期: 2025-01-14
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-18

Allelopathic effects of Sesuvium portulacastrum on three typical red tide dinoflagellates and identification of potential allelopathic substances

Wu Kemin^1
,,
Lu Jieyi¹,
Huang Lingfeng^{1
, ,}

College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen 361102, China

摘要

摘要: 本研究旨在探讨海马齿对典型赤潮藻的化感作用及其物质来源。选取典型赤潮藻海洋原甲藻、米氏凯伦藻和塔玛亚历山大藻为受试对象，以滨海耐盐植物海马齿的种植水为研究材料。通过C₁₈固相萃取柱吸附海马齿种植水中的根系分泌物，并采用甲醇、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷和正己烷萃取，四种萃取物对三种赤潮甲藻的生长表现出不同程度的抑制，其中二氯甲烷萃取物抑制效果最显著，浓度在10 g·L⁻¹对上述三种藻类的抑制率分别为50.83%、97.30%和81.41%。对其进行气相色谱质谱（GC-MS）分析，共检测出19种脂肪酸及其衍生物。从中筛选出的硬脂酸、油酸酰胺和二十四烷醇均表现出抑藻活性，二十四烷醇的抑藻活性最强，当浓度处于2 mg·L⁻¹时，对上述三种藻类的抑制率分别为90%、100%和81.04%。以上结果显示，海马齿能够释放脂肪酸及其衍生物来抑制赤潮藻生长，具备进一步开发为赤潮防治植物修复工具种的潜力。
- 海马齿 /
- 根系分泌物 /
- 化感物质 /
- 赤潮甲藻 /
- 脂肪酸及其衍生物
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Sesuvium portulacastrum (Aizoaceae) on typical red tide algae and identify the sources of the active compounds. Three red tide algae species, Prorocentrum micans, Karenia mikimotoi, and Alexandrium catenella, were selected as test subjects. The planting water of the coastal salt-tolerant plant Sesuvium portulacastrum served as the research material. Root exudates from the plant were adsorbed using a C₁₈ solid-phase extraction column and then extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The four extracts exhibited varying degrees of inhibition on the growth of the algae, with the dichloromethane extract showing the most significant inhibitory effect. At a concentration of 10 g·L⁻¹, the inhibition rates for the three algae species were 50.83%, 97.30%, and 81.41%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 19 fatty acids and their derivatives. Among these, stearic acid, oleamide, and docosanol exhibited algicidal activity, with docosanol showing the strongest effect. At a concentration of 2 mg·L⁻¹, the inhibition rates for the three algae species were 90%, 100%, and 81.04%, respectively. These results indicate that Sesuvium portulacastrum can release fatty acids and their derivatives to inhibit the growth of red tide algae, demonstrating its potential as a plant-based tool for red tide control and environmental remediation.
- Sesuvium portulacastrum /
- root exudates allelopathic substances /
- red tide dinoflagellates /
- fatty acids and their derivatives /
- XXXXXX

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图 1 海马齿种植水不同极性萃取物对海洋原甲藻生长的影响

图中数据为3次重复的平均值 ± 标准差，以* （P <0.05）或** （p <0.01）表示处理组与对照组差异显著，无显著差异不做标记，下同。

Fig. 1 The effects of different polarity extracts from the planting water of Sesuvium portulacastrum on the growth of Prorocentrum micans

The data in the figure are the means of three replicates ± standard deviation. Significant differences between the treatments and control are marked with * (P <0.05) or ** (P <0.01), and non-significant differences are not marked, the same below.

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图 2 海马齿种植水不同极性萃取物对米氏凯伦藻生长的影响

Fig. 2 The effects of different polarity extracts from the planting water of Sesuvium portulacastrum on the growth of Karenia mikimotoi

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图 3 海马齿种植水不同极性萃取物对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响

Fig. 3 The effects of different polarity extracts from the planting water of Sesuvium portulacastrum on the growth of Alexandrium tamarense

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图 4 海马齿种植水硅烷化衍生二氯甲烷萃取物GC-MS总离子流图

序号1−19表示海马齿种植水和根组织二氯甲烷萃取物中的共同物质，物质具体信息参见表1，下同。

Fig. 4 GC-MS total ion chromatogram of dichloromethane extract of Sesuvium portulacastrum planting water with silylation derivation

The serial numbers 1−19 represent common substances found in the dichloromethane extracts of both Sesuvium portulacastrum planting water and root tissues; for specific information on these substances, please refer to Table 1, the same below.

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图 5 海马齿根组织萃取物硅烷化衍生二氯甲烷萃取物GC-MS总离子流图

Fig. 5 GC-MS total ion chromatogram of dichloromethane extract of S. portulacastrum root tissues with silylation derivation

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图 6 硬脂酸、油酸酰胺以及二十四烷醇对海洋原甲藻、米氏凯伦藻、塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of stearic acid, oleamide, and tetracosanol on the growth of Prorocentrum micans, Karenia mikimotoi, and Alexandrium tamarense

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表 1 海马齿种植水和根组织二氯甲烷萃取物中的共同物质

Tab. 1 The common substances in the dichloromethane extracts from the planting water and root tissues of Sesuvium portulacastrum

类型 Type	序号 Serial number	化合物名称 Compound name	IUPAC名称 IUPAC Name	分子式 Molecular formula
脂肪酸	1	十二烷酸	Dodecanoic acid	C₁₂H₂₄O₂
	2	十四烷酸	Tetradecanoic acid	C₁₄H₂₈O₂
	3	十五烷酸	Pentadecanoic acid	C₁₅H₃₀O₂
	4	反式-十六碳-9-烯酸	(E)-hexadec-9-enoic acid	C₁₆H₃₀O₂
	5	棕榈酸	Hexadecanoic acid	C₁₆H₃₂O₂
	6	十七烷酸	Heptadecanoic acid	C₁₇H₃₄O₂
	7	油酸	(Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid	C₁₈H₃₄O₂
	8	硬脂酸	Octadecanoic acid	C₁₈H₃₆O₂
	9	二十二烷酸	Docosanoic acid	C₂₂H₄₄O₂
脂肪酸衍生物	10	双（2-甲基丙基）苯−1,2-二羧酸酯	Bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene−1,2-dicarboxylate	C₁₆H₂₂O₄
	11	癸−1-烯-3-酮	Dec−1-en-3-one	C₁₀H₁₈O
	12	十五烷-3-酮	Pentadecan-3-one	C₁₅H₃₀O
	13	油酸酰胺	Octadec-9-enamide	C₁₈H₃₅NO
	14	1-辛氧基二十烷	1-octoxyicosane	C₂₈H₅₈O
	15	3-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸十八酯	Octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate	C₃₅H₆₂O₃
	16	二甘醇	2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol	C₄H₁₀O₃
	17	十八烷醇	Octadecan−1-ol	C₁₈H₃₈O
	18	十六烷醇	hexadecan−1-ol	C₁₆H₃₄O
	19	二十四烷醇	Tetracosan−1-ol	C₂₄H₅₀O

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