科氏力作用对黄河口沙嘴演变的影响

李岩; 战超; 李子禄; 杜正萍; 董平; 王庆

doi:10.12284/hyxb20250135

科氏力作用对黄河口沙嘴演变的影响

doi: 10.12284/hyxb20250135

李岩^{1, 2,},
战超^{1, 2},
李子禄^{1, 2},
杜正萍^{1, 2},
董平^{1, 2},
王庆^{1, 2, ,}

1.
山东省河口海岸与核环境重点实验室，山东烟台 264025
2.
鲁东大学水利土木学院，山东烟台 264025

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42330406，52401329，42476163）；山东省自然科学基金青年项目（ZR2023QE310）；山东省基地和人才计划（“外专双百计划”人才类）（WSR2023026）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李岩（1989—），男，山东省郯城县人，副教授，主要从事河口海岸动力地貌研究。E-mail：yantai_fan@163.com

通讯作者:
王庆，男，教授，主要从事河口海岸动力地貌研究。E-mail：schingwang@126.com

中图分类号: P737.12⁺1
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- 文章访问数: 61
- HTML全文浏览量: 20
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-09
- 修回日期: 2025-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-12
- 刊出日期: 2025-12-31

Role of the Coriolis force in the evolution of the Huanghe River estuarine sand spit

Li Yan^{1, 2
,},
Zhan Chao^{1, 2},
Li Zilu^{1, 2},
Du Zhengping^{1, 2},
Dong Ping^{1, 2},
Wang Qing^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Shandong Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coast & Nuclear Environment, Yantai 264025, China
2.
College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China

摘要

摘要: 黄河自从1996年人工改道取北汊入渤海以来，河口沙嘴整体呈北偏趋势。现有对河口演变规律的研究多聚焦河口水沙与海洋动力的相互作用，对科氏力这一持续驱动因素的作用机制尚缺乏系统认识。本文基于水动力数值模拟，从科氏力作用的角度，模拟研究了有无科氏力作用下黄河三角洲近岸潮流结构与河口泥沙入海输运扩散特征的差异。模拟显示科氏力驱动近岸潮流呈往复式运动，并在河口外侧形成一个封闭椭圆形高流速区（流速＞0.8 m/s），同时在河口北侧的五号桩附近形成M₂分潮无潮点，泥沙在沙嘴北侧扩散范围明显大于无科氏力情景。无科氏力作用时，近岸潮流主要表现为放射状往复运动，河口外侧未出现封闭高流速区，五号桩周边无潮点亦消失，河口泥沙向远海纵向扩散范围更大。结果表明，科氏力通过增强近岸涨落潮流横向运动强度促使泥沙向南北两侧输运，形成的M₂无潮点“低位能区”增大了河口与M₂无潮点之间的势能梯度，提高了落潮流时河口泥沙向北的输运强度，加之河口沙嘴北侧岬湾化程度增加进一步弱化局部潮流动力，使得更多泥沙在此区域淤积，这些因素的耦合效应共同促进了黄河口沙嘴北偏演进过程。
- 黄河三角洲 /
- 科氏力作用 /
- 沙嘴演变 /
- 入海泥沙扩散 /
- Delft 3D
Abstract: Since the artificial diversion of the Huanghe River into the Bohai Sea via the northern channel in 1996, the estuary sand spit has exhibited a distinct northward migration trend. Current research on estuarine evolution primarily focuses on the interplay between fluvial water-sediment inputs and marine hydrodynamic forces, while a systematic understanding of the role of the Coriolis force as a persistent driver remains lacking. Through hydrodynamic numerical modeling, this study investigates the influence of the Earth’s Coriolis force on tidal current structures and sediment transport patterns in the nearshore region of the Huanghe River Delta by comparing scenarios with and without Coriolis effects. The simulation shows that the Coriolis force drives the nearshore tidal current to move in a reciprocating manner, and forms a closed elliptical high velocity area (velocity > 0.8 m/s) outside the estuary. At the same time, the M₂ tidal amphidromic point is formed near the No.5 pile on the north side of the estuary, and the sediment diffusion range on the north side of the mouth is significantly larger than that without Coriolis force. In the absence of Coriolis force, the nearshore tidal current is mainly radial reciprocating motion, and there is no closed high velocity area outside the estuary. The amphidromic tide point around the No.5 pile also disappears, and the longitudinal diffusion range of estuarine sediment to the open sea is larger. These findings indicate that the Coriolis force enhances lateral sediment transport by intensifying the transverse movement of flood and ebb currents. The formation of the M₂ amphidromic point, acting as a “low potential energy zone”, increases the potential energy gradient between the estuary and the amphidromic point, thereby strengthening northward sediment transport during ebb tides. Furthermore, the increased indentation of the northern bayline weakens local tidal dynamics, promoting additional sediment deposition in this area. The synergistic effects of these mechanisms collectively drive the northward evolutionary process of the Huanghe River estuary sand spit.
- Huanghe River Delta /
- Coriolis effect /
- sand spit evolution /
- sediment discharge diffusion /
- Delft 3D

HTML全文

图 1 渤海区域地形高程（a）和黄河三角洲近岸研究区地形高程特征（b）

Fig. 1 Topography of the Bohai Sea region (a) and topographic features of the nearshore study area in the Huanghe River Delta (b)

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图 2 S3站（a）和S4站（b）的潮位验证

Fig. 2 Validation of tidal levels at stations S3 (a) and S4 (b)

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图 3 S1站和S2站的流速（a）和流向（b）验证

Fig. 3 Validation of flow velocity (a) and direction (b) at stations S1 and S2

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图 4 S5站的潮位验证

Fig. 4 Validation of tidal levels at Station S5

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图 5 S5站的流速（a）和流向（b）验证

Fig. 5 Validation of flow velocity (a) and direction (b) at Station S5

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图 6 黄河三角洲邻近海域24 h潮流向分布对比

a. 有科氏力情景；b. 无科氏力情景

Fig. 6 Comparison of 24-hour tidal current direction distribution in the nearshore waters of the Huanghe River Delta

a. With the Coriolis force; b. without the Coriolis force

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图 7 黄河三角洲邻近海域半月潮最大流速空间分布

a. 有科氏力情景；b. 无科氏力情景

Fig. 7 Spatial distribution of maximum current velocities during a spring-neap tidal cycle in the nearshore waters of the Huanghe River Delta

a. With the Coriolis force; b. without the Coriolis force

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图 8 黄河口口门外侧约5 km处（37.83°N, 119.32°E）潮位过程线对比

有科氏力情景（蓝色实线）与无科氏力情景（红色虚线）

Fig. 8 Comparison of tidal level processes at a location approximately 5 km outside the Huanghe River estuary (37.83°N, 119.32°E)

Scenario with Coriolis force (blue solid line) versus scenario without Coriolis force (red dashed line)

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图 9 典型时刻的黄河三角洲近岸流速差值空间分布（有科氏力减去无科氏力）

a. 涨急；b. 落急；c. 涨憩；d. 落憩

Fig. 9 Spatial distribution of nearshore current velocity differences (with Coriolis force minus without Coriolis force) in the Huanghe River Delta at typical tidal phases

a. Flood peak; b. ebb peak; c. high water slack; d. low water slack

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图 10 2000年黄河三角洲附近区域M₂分潮振幅（m）、迟角（°）变化

a. 有科氏力作用；b. 无科氏力作用

Fig. 10 M₂ tidal amplitude (m) and phase (°) delay variations near the Huanghe River Delta in 2000

a. With Coriolis force; b. without Coriolis force

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图 11 有无科氏力作用下河口泥沙扩散路径与范围的时空格局对比（180 h （a）和360 h（b））

Fig. 11 Comparison of the spatiotemporal patterns of sediment transport pathways and dispersion from the estuary with and without the Coriolis force (180 h (a) and 360 h (b))

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图 12 黄河口沙嘴演变过程

Fig. 12 Evolution of the Huanghe River estuary sand spit

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图 13 黄河三角洲近岸涨落潮流方向

Fig. 13 Tidal current directions during flood and ebb phases in the nearshore Huanghe River Delta

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图 14 黄河三角洲近岸5 m等深线沿程潮位变化

Fig. 14 Variations of tidal levels along the 5 m isobath near the Huanghe River Delta coast

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表 1 模型模拟工况设置

Tab. 1 Model simulation condition setting

工况径流流量Q/(m³·s⁻¹) 泥沙浓度S/(kg·m⁻³) 科氏力作用

1 500 2.0 有科氏力

2 500 2.0 无科氏力

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