Experimental study on the influence of permeable trapezoidal reef on the hydrodynamic characteristics of solitary wave complex reefs
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摘要: 珊瑚岛礁地貌作为海岸的天然屏障，近年来由于人类活动的影响产生了不可逆的破坏。失去天然屏障的岛屿如何抵抗极端波浪的侵蚀成为了迫在眉睫的问题。本文基于波浪水槽物理模型试验，从入射波高、礁坪水深、孔隙半径等参数展开对复杂珊瑚岛礁地形附近的孤立波水动力特性研究，并从能量的角度揭示人工礁体的消波机理。试验结果表明：透空式梯形礁体能够对波浪能具有削弱作用，并加快波浪破碎；受礁体的影响波浪在通过礁体后发生局部减水，且可以降低后续在礁坪上传播的有效水深；透射系数和反射系数均随入射波高的增大而增大；随礁坪水深的增大反射系数减小，透射系数增大；反射系数随孔隙半径的增大而减小，透射系数无明显规律。透空式梯形礁体可以有效降低波浪的透射强度，实现对岛屿的防护，并且透空式梯形礁体在削弱波浪能量的同时还可以兼顾生态友好、减少结构物受力、为水体交换提供空间。Abstract: As a natural barrier to the coast, coral reefs have caused irreversible damage in recent years due to the influence of human activities. How to resist the erosion of extreme waves has become an urgent problem for islands that have lost their natural barriers. Based on the physical model test of wave flume, this paper studies the complex hydrodynamic characteristics of solitary waves near coral reef topography from the parameters of incident wave height, reef flat water depth and pore radius, and reveals the wave dissipation mechanism of artificial reefs from the perspective of energy. The test results show that the permeable artificial reef can significantly weaken the wave energy, and the ability of the artificial reef group to weaken the wave energy has a certain limit. Under the influence of the reef, the wave is partially reduced after passing through the reef, and the effective water depth of the subsequent propagation on the reef flat can be reduced. The transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient increase with the increase of incident wave height. With the increase of reef flat water depth, the reflection coefficient decreases and the transmission coefficient increases. The reflection coefficient decreases with the increase of pore radius, and the transmission coefficient has no obvious law. The permeable trapezoidal reef can effectively reduce the transmission intensity of waves and realize the protection of islands. The permeable trapezoidal reef can not only weaken the wave energy, but also take into account the ecological friendliness, reduce the force of structures and provide space for water exchange.
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Key words:
- solitary wave /
- artificial reef /
- hydrodynamic characteristics /
- physical experiment /
- wave energy
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图 4 不同入射波高下的相对波高沿程分布
Fig. 4 The relative wave height distribution along the path under different incident wave heights
图 5 有无礁体的地形下礁前斜坡自由水面
Fig. 5 Free water surface of pre-reef slope under topography with or without reefs
图 6 礁后斜坡爬高随入射波高的变化、局部波高最大降幅随入射波高的变化
Fig. 6 The variation of the climbing height of the slope behind the reef with the incident wave height and the variation of the maximum decrease of the local wave height with the incident wave height
图 7 不同礁坪水深下相对波高沿程变化
Fig. 7 Relative wave height variation along the course under different reef flat water depths
图 8 局部波高最大降幅随礁坪水深的变化
Fig. 8 Change of relative wave height drop under different reef flat water depths
图 9 测点WG1和WG17的水面时程曲线
Fig. 9 Water surface time history curves of WG1 and WG17 at measuring points WG1 and WG17
图 10 不同孔隙半径和入射波高下反射系数、透射系数的变化
Fig. 10 The variation of reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient under different pore radius and incident wave height
图 11 有无礁体地形在不同礁坪水深下透射系数（CT）和反射系数（CR）变化
●、○表示有礁体地形的反射系数和透射系数；◆、◇表示无礁体地形的反射系数和透射系数
Fig. 11 Changes of transmission coefficient (CT) and reflection coefficient (CR) of reef or non-reef terrain under different reef flat water depths
●, ○Represents the transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient with reef terrain;◆, ◇Reflection the transmission coefficients and reflection coefficient of non-reefs terrain
表 1 测点位置
Tab. 1 Position of measuring points
测点编号 WG1 WG2 WG3 WG4 WG5 WG6 WG7 WG8 WG9 测点位置/m 12.52 13.121 13.679 23.23 23.515 23.8 24.085 24.37 24.655 测点编号 WG10 WG11 WG12 WG13 WG14 WG15 WG16 WG17 WG18 测点位置/m 25.33 25.845 26.34 26.9 27.461 28.02 28.582 29.14 29.7 
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表 2 试验工况设置
Tab. 2 Experimental condition setting
工况 hr/m H/m 地形类型 r/m A1 0 0.06 无礁体 0 A2 0.025 0.04 无礁体 0 A3 0.025 0.06 无礁体 0 A4 0.025 0.08 无礁体 0 A5 0.025 0.1 无礁体 0 A6 0.05 0.06 无礁体 0 A7 0.075 0.06 无礁体 0 B1 0 0.06 梯形礁体 0.0075 B2 0.025 0.04 梯形礁体 0.005 B3 0.025 0.06 梯形礁体 0.005 B4 0.025 0.08 梯形礁体 0.005 B5 0.025 0.1 梯形礁体 0.005 B6 0.025 0.04 梯形礁体 0.0075 B7 0.025 0.06 梯形礁体 0.0075 B8 0.025 0.08 梯形礁体 0.0075 B9 0.025 0.1 梯形礁体 0.0075 B10 0.025 0.04 梯形礁体 0.001 B11 0.025 0.06 梯形礁体 0.001 B12 0.025 0.08 梯形礁体 0.001 B13 0.025 0.1 梯形礁体 0.001 B14 0.05 0.06 梯形礁体 0.0075 B15 0.075 0.06 梯形礁体 0.0075
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