人工鱼礁建设对大型底栖动物群落的影响

李建都; 赵祺; 袁舜洁; 张沛东; 郭栋

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024084

人工鱼礁建设对大型底栖动物群落的影响以黄、渤海4处人工鱼礁为例

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024084

李建都^{1, 2, 3,},
赵祺³,
袁舜洁³,
张沛东³,
郭栋^{1, 2, ,}

1.
辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院，辽宁大连 116023
2.
农业农村部水产种质资源保护与发掘利用重点实验室，辽宁大连 116023
3.
中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266003

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划：海洋牧场典型生境精准营造与功能提升技术(2023YFD2401102)。

详细信息

作者简介:
李建都（1996—），男，河南省濮阳市人，从事海洋牧场生境效应评价。E-mail：li.jd@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
郭栋（1983—），男，辽宁省大连市人，研究员，主要从事海洋牧场生境构建及贝类增养殖。E-mail：guohongtiansky@163.com

中图分类号: P714⁺.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-04
- 修回日期: 2024-04-16
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-03
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-01

Effects of artificial reef construction on macrobenthos communities: A case study of four artificial reefs in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

Li Jiandu^{1, 2, 3
,},
Zhao Qi³,
Yuan Shunjie³,
Zhang Peidong³,
Guo Dong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian 116023, China
3.
The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究黄、渤海不同人工鱼礁区大型底栖动物群落的结构特征差异及评估人工鱼礁对生物资源的养护效果，于2021年秋季对黄、渤海海域4处人工鱼礁区的大型底栖动物开展了同期调查。共采集大型底栖动物61种，其中环节动物种类占比最多（47.54%）。各礁区大型底栖动物生物量均高于各自对照区，其中长礁龄礁区大型底栖动物资源养护效果最好，其平均生物量为对照区的4.19倍；各礁区的多样性指数H'和丰富度指数d也高于各自对照区，并表现出长礁龄礁区高于短礁龄礁区；ABC曲线表明，长礁龄礁区的生物群落稳定性优于短礁龄的礁区。各人工鱼礁区的优势种存在不同，多毛类为各礁区普遍存在的优势种；聚类分析及非度量多维尺度排序（NMDS）均大致将礁区调查站位分为3组，相似性分析检验（ANOSIM）表明各礁区之间的群落结构存在显著差异（R = 0.651，p < 0.01），相似性百分比分析（SIMPER）结果表明各礁区间的平均相异性百分比均在77%以上。研究结果表明人工鱼礁生境对大型底栖动物起到一定程度的养护作用，不同礁区间大型底栖动物群落存在差异，本研究可为人工鱼礁建设评价提供基础数据及依据。
- 大型底栖动物 /
- 人工鱼礁 /
- 群落结构 /
- 黄、渤海
Abstract: In order to explore the differences in the structural characteristics of macrobenthos communities in different artificial reefs in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea and to evaluate the conservation effect of artificial reefs on biological resources, a simultaneous survey of macrobenthos in four artificial reefs in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was carried out in autumn 2021. A total of 61 macrobenthos species were collected, among which annelids accounted for the most (47.54%). The biomass of macrobenthos in each reef area was higher than that in the control area, and the conservation effect of macrobenthos resources in the old reef area was the best, and the average biomass was 4.19 times that of the control area. The Shannon-Wiener index H' and richness index d of each reef region were higher than those of the control region, and the long reef age region was higher than the short reef age region. The ABC curve shows that the stability of the community in the long-aged reefs is better than that in the short-aged reefs. There are different dominant species in each artificial reef area, but polychaetes are the dominant species in all artificial reef areas. Reef survey sites were roughly divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scale ranking (NMDS). Similarity analysis test (ANOSIM) showed that there were significant differences in community structure among reefs (R = 0.651, p < 0.01). The results of SIMPER (percentage of similarity analysis) show that the average percentage of dissimilarity in each reef interval is above 77%. The results show that the artificial reef habitat plays a certain role in the conservation of macrobenthos, and the macrobenthos community varies in different reef regions. This study can provide basic data and basis for the evaluation of artificial reef construction.
- macrobenthos /
- artificial reefs /
- community structure /
- Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

HTML全文

图 1 调查站位布局示意图

a.唐山祥云湾海洋牧场；b.华润博达海洋牧场；c.为日照顺风海洋牧场。实心圆点为礁区调查站位，空心圆点为对照区调查站位

Fig. 1 Survey station layout

a. Tangshan Xiangyun Bay marine ranch; b. Huarun Boda marine ranch; c. Rizhao Shunfeng marine ranch. Solid and hollow dots represent survey stations in reef and control areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 大型底栖动物的种类组成

Fig. 2 Species composition of macrobenthos

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 各调查区域大型底栖动物的生物量（a）及丰度（b）

*表示显著差异（p < 0.05）

Fig. 3 Biomass (a) and abundance (b) of macrobenthos in various survey areas

* indicates significant difference (p < 0.05)

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图 4 各区域大型底栖动物群落ABC曲线

Fig. 4 ABC curve of macrobenthos communities in each region

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图 5 人工鱼礁区大型底栖动物聚类分析和NMDS分析

Fig. 5 Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of macrobenthos in artificial reef

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表 1 各礁区基本概况

Tab. 1 Basic overview of each reef area

调查地点	礁体类型	礁体规模/m³	建成年份	底质类型
HR	混凝土礁（3 m × 3 m × 4 m）	3.97×10⁴	2020年	粗黏土
RZ	混凝土礁（3 m × 3 m × 3 m）	1.53×10⁴	2019年	粗黏土
TA	混凝土礁（1.8 m × 1.8 m × 1.7 m）	3.63×10⁴	2018年	粗粉砂
TB	混凝土礁（1.8 m × 1.8 m × 1.7 m）混凝土礁（1.8 m × 1.8 m × 4 m）	4.76×10⁴	2017年	细砂

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表 2 各调查区域优势种分布

Tab. 2 Distribution of dominant species in each region

物种	优势度(Y)
物种	HR	HC	RZ	RC	TA	TB	TC
江户布目蛤Protothaca jedoensis	0.13
红带织纹螺Nassarius succinctus						0.09
丛生树蛰虫Pista fasciata							0.05
丝异须虫Heteromastus filiforms		0.21				0.06	0.05
蜾蠃蜚Corophium spp.					0.12	0.03	0.21
日本倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus japonicus	0.07	0.12				0.03
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori	0.06	0.03
小巧毛刺蟹Pilumnus minutus	0.05
斜方五角蟹Nursia rhomboidalis	0.02
扁蛰虫Loimia medusa	0.02
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutala	0.02
双唇索沙蚕 Lumbrineris cruzensis	0.02	0.02
昆士兰稚齿虫 Prionospio queenslandica			0.46	0.26
背蚓虫Notomastus latericeus			0.06	0.09
锥唇吻沙蚕Glycera onomichiensis			0.02
背褶沙蚕Tambalagamia fauveli			0.02
小亮樱蛤Nitidotellina minuta					0.09
长叶索沙蚕 Lumbrineris longiforlia					0.09
丽小笔螺Mitrella bella					0.04
博氏双眼钩虾Ampelisca bocki		0.06			0.03		0.03
东方缝栖蛤Hiatella orientalis		0.05			0.03
裸盲蟹Typhlocarcinus nudus				0.08
纽虫Nemertea sp.				0.02
仙居虫Naineris laevigata				0.02

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表 3 大型底栖动物不同区域的生物多样性指数

Tab. 3 Biodiversity indices of macrobenthos in different regions

区域	生物多样性指数
区域	d	H'	J'
HR	0.64 ± 0.22	1.27 ± 0.26	0.91 ± 0.05
HC	0.55 ± 0.16	1.20 ± 0.21	0.91 ± 0.06
RZ	0.88 ± 0.28	1.47 ± 0.45	0.86 ± 0.18
RC	0.71 ± 0.15	1.36 ± 0.19	0.92 ± 0.12
TA	0.79 ± 0.13*	1.51 ± 0.17	0.95 ± 0.01
TC	0.44 ± 0.16	1.00 ± 0.29	0.95 ± 0.04
TB	1.06 ± 0.09*	1.80 ± 0.09*	0.98 ± 0.03
TC	0.44 ± 0.16	1.00 ± 0.29	0.95 ± 0.04
注：*表示各礁区与其对照区间差异显著（p < 0.05）。
Note: * indicates significant difference between reef area and control interval (p < 0.05).

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表 4 各礁区间主要分歧种及其相异性贡献率

Tab. 4 Main disproportionate species and dissimilarity contribution rates among different reef area

物种	组间相异性贡献率/%
物种	HR与RZ	HR与TB	RZ与TB	HR与TA	RZ与TA	TB与TA
背蚓虫Notomastus latericeus	5.02		4.54		4.69
背褶沙蚕Tambalagamia fauveli			4.18
蜾蠃蜚Corophium sp.				8.01	6.82	8.93
红带织纹螺Nassarius succinctus		7.31	6.17			7.12
江户布目蛤Protothaca jedoensis	8.24	8.81		9.17
昆士兰稚齿虫Prionospio queenslandica	16.86		15.2		15.74
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus	5.17	6.46
双唇索沙蚕Lumbrineris cruzensis				7.96	6.28	8.17
丝异须虫Heteromastus filiforms		5.71	4.81			6.47
小亮樱蛤Nitidotellina minuta				8.08	6.72	7.63
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori	5.3	5.67		5.9

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表 5 本研究与以往调查研究结果对比

Tab. 5 Comparison of research results

调查区域	调查时间	取样工具	种类数	平均丰度/(ind.·m⁻²)	平均生物量/(g·m⁻²)
日照近岸海域^[36]	2007.10	0.05 m²抓斗式采泥器	142	1096.86	25.76
日照近岸海域^[37]	2016.11	0.05 m²抓斗式采泥器	37	112.63	14.75
本研究RZ海域	2021.11	0.05 m²抓斗式采泥器	23	198	12.41
青岛近岸海域^[38]	2007.10	0.25 m²抓斗式采泥器	160	431.73	22.30
青岛近岸海域^[39]	2018.10	0.05 m²抓斗式采泥器	32	474	65.42
本研究HR海域	2021.11	0.05 m²抓斗式采泥器	15	150	27.05
渤海中部海域^[40]	2006.11	0.1 m²箱式采泥器	214	1217	31.20
渤海海域^[41]	2008.8	0.1 m²箱式采泥器	300	1094.7	11.78
本研究TA、TB海域	2021.10—11	0.05 m²抓斗式采泥器	22	129	21.47

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