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南极典型海域浮游生物生产力/群落结构对BP/MCP储碳影响及其年代际变率

杨丹 付全有 韩正兵 于培松 乐凤凤 韩喜彬 张海生 卢冰 武光海

杨丹,付全有,韩正兵,等. 南极典型海域浮游生物生产力/群落结构对BP/MCP储碳影响及其年代际变率[J]. 海洋学报,2024,46(5):37–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024072
引用本文: 杨丹,付全有,韩正兵,等. 南极典型海域浮游生物生产力/群落结构对BP/MCP储碳影响及其年代际变率[J]. 海洋学报,2024,46(5):37–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024072
Yang Dan,Fu Quanyou,Han Zhengbing, et al. Effects of plankton productivity/community structure on BP/MCP carbon storage and their interdecadal variations in a typical Antarctic waters[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2024, 46(5):37–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024072
Citation: Yang Dan,Fu Quanyou,Han Zhengbing, et al. Effects of plankton productivity/community structure on BP/MCP carbon storage and their interdecadal variations in a typical Antarctic waters[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2024, 46(5):37–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024072

南极典型海域浮游生物生产力/群落结构对BP/MCP储碳影响及其年代际变率

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024072
基金项目: 国家自然科学面上基金项目(42076243,41976227)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨丹(1976—),女,浙江省乐青市人,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail:yangdan126@126.com

    付全有(1999—),男,四川省资阳市人,主要从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail:18181342096@163.com

    通讯作者:

    张海生,男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail: zhangsoa@sio.org.cn

    武光海,男,研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail: guanghaiwu@sina.com

  • 中图分类号: P714+.5

Effects of plankton productivity/community structure on BP/MCP carbon storage and their interdecadal variations in a typical Antarctic waters

  • 摘要: 利用南极半岛(D1-7)和南奥克尼群岛附近海域(D5-6)海洋沉积物有机质的分子生物标志物中所隐含的生态学关系,将重建的浮游生物生产力和种群结构变化与生物泵(BP)/微型生物碳泵(MCP)以及海洋碳汇和储碳效率联系起来研究。柱样沉积物中的一系列分子生物标志物在近百年里发生显著变化,上层海洋浮游生物生产力/群落结构与沉积碳库储量存在较大的时空演变,实际上均与全球气候变化相联系。研究结果如下:(1)从生物标志化合物正构烷烃分子组合特征和色谱图峰型、主峰碳(MH)、轻烃/重烃(L/H)、菌藻类-(nC15 + nC17 + nC19)、大型浮游植物-(nC21 + nC23 + nC25)和碳优势指数-(CPI)来看,沉积碳源主要是海源生物碳,海洋生物是固碳与储碳的天然碳汇。(2)D5-6柱样的有机质高富集,主要受海洋上层水体较高初级生产力、高沉积速率(平均为0.19 cm/a)、水深较浅(385 m)和还原性沉积环境(Pr/Ph值平均为0.95)这些均有利于颗粒有机碳(POC)通过BP过程从海洋表面输送到深海,快速埋藏和储存;而D1-7柱样因水深大(1 100 m)和沉积速率低(0.07 cm/a),含碳化合物沉降过程中发生降解,又被环境氧化降解(Pr/Ph值平均为1.22),二者均不利于沉积物储碳,但相比之下控制沉积物碳保存重要的因素可能是沉积速率。(3)近百年来南极半岛附近海域和南奥克尼群岛浮游动物总量、浮游植物初级生产力、硅藻和甲藻生物量趋于上升,而颗石藻生物量和所占比例呈减少趋势(南极半岛附近海域更明显),说明钙质生物泵作用在逐年下降,而硅藻主导的硅质泵作用在不断加强,这两个过程的相对强度在很大程度上决定了由生物泵结构(硅质泵/钙质泵)和效率、及其向海洋沉积物输送有机碳和无机碳的比例大小。(4)2个柱样的分子生物标志物变化趋势在整体上具有一定的可比性,均有明显的阶段性,在年代际突变后(1972年),受到显著影响的是南奥克尼群岛海域浮游动物总量从(5~6 cm)1982年开始发生明显增加,特别在1997年和2012年期间浮游动物总量开始剧增,意味着在全球变暖背景下浮游生物群落结构发生快速变化,浮游植物初级生产的降低和浮游动物总量的剧增,二者变异使得生物泵强度(增强/削弱)变化存在很大的不确定性。(5)相比之下,近百年来南极半岛附近海域浮游植物生产力/硅藻甲藻生物量逐渐提高,而微生物生产力/古菌生物量逐渐降低,意味着微生物固碳强度减弱,即MCP储碳效率在降低,揭示了全球变暖对海域浮游生物生产力/生物量的增减起到关键作用,而浮游生物群落生物量和组成特征直接影响南极海洋BP中上层水体有机碳的流动和MCP水柱固碳效率的强弱,作为全球海洋最大碳汇的南极,其储碳能力可能正在降低。
  • 图  1  南极半岛东部海域环流示意图及取样站位(此图参照文献[25]修改)

    Fig.  1  Schematic diagram of sea circulation and sampling station location in the eastern Antarctic Peninsula (this figure is modified with reference to reference [25])

    图  2  D1-7(a)和D5-6(b)柱样正构烷烃总量及其地球化学参数垂向变化

    Fig.  2  The total amount of n-alkanes and vertical changes in geochemical parameters of column samples D1-7 (a) and D5-6 (b)

    图  3  D1-7(a)和D5-6(b)柱样沉积物中甾醇含量变化特征及其比值垂向变化

    Fig.  3  Change characteristics of sterol content and vertical changes of its ratio in sediments from pillars D1-7 (a) and D5-6 (b)

    图  4  D1-7(a)和D5-6(b)柱样沉积物中GDGTs各组分含量垂向变化

    Fig.  4  Vertical changes in the content of each component of GDGTs in the sediments of D1-7 (a) and D5-6 (b) columns

    图  5  D1-7(a)与D5-6(b)岩芯210Pb与210Pbex(Bq/kg)分布模式

    Fig.  5  Distribution pattern diagram of 210Pb and 210Pbex (Bq/kg) in D1-7 (a) and D5-6 (b) cores

    图  6  D1-7和D5-6柱样TOC、正构烷烃总量、3种藻类甾醇总量、微生物GDGTs总量与氧化/还原关系

    Fig.  6  Relationship between TOC content, total n-alkanes, total amount of three algal sterols, microbial GDGTs content and oxidation/reduction in D1-7 and D5-6 column samples

    图  7  南极半岛附近海域和南奥克尼附近海域沉积柱重建的海洋浮游生物生产力/群落结构对全球变暖及其年代际响应

    图最后的全球温度变化数据来自http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v3/;太阳黑子活动数据来自http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/greenwch/

    Fig.  7  Marine plankton productivity/community structure reconstructed from sediment columns in the sea near the Antarctic Peninsula and the sea near South Orkney to global warming and its interdecadal response

    The global temperature change data at the end of the figure comes from http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v3/; the sunspot activity data comes from http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/greenwch/

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  • 收稿日期:  2024-01-15
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