陆相湖盆多级缓坡地貌约束下的滩坝沉积体系特征与沉积模式

胡慧; 朱红涛; 杜晓峰; 刘强虎; 刘子玉; 孙中恒; 叶子倩; 孙先锋

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024055

陆相湖盆多级缓坡地貌约束下的滩坝沉积体系特征与沉积模式

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024055

1.
中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中海油研究总院有限责任公司，北京 100028

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（No. 42172127，41872149，41902112）。

详细信息

作者简介:
胡慧（1999—），女，湖北省丹江口市人，硕士研究生，从事地质学，沉积学研究。E-mail：huhui41@163.com

通讯作者:
朱红涛，男，河南省开封市人，教授、博士生导师，主要从事层序地层学、沉积学、地震沉积学研究。E-mail：htzhu@cug.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-12
- 修回日期: 2024-04-03
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-13

Development characteristics and models of beach-bar depositional system constrained by multistage gentle slope landform in continental lacustrine basin

1.
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2.
CNOOC Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100028, China

摘要

摘要: 渤海海域莱州湾凹陷沙四上亚段至沙三下亚段广泛发育砂质滩坝与混积滩坝，具有良好的勘探潜力。但有关滩坝的沉积特征、成因机制及演化模式不清，严重制约了该类沉积的勘探与预测。因此，本文综合利用钻井、录井、地震等资料，精细恢复了研究区的微古地貌，明确了多级缓坡地貌对研究区不同位置滩坝发育的控制作用，总结了其沉积特征及主控因素，构建了沉积模式。结果表明：（1）砂质滩坝主要发育于沙四上亚段辫状河三角洲前端侧翼，主要受一级缓坡迎风地貌、强物源供给、古风向共同控制。（2）厚层混积滩坝主要发育在沙四上亚段次级缓坡迎风带，受古地貌、中−强物源、强沿岸流的共同影响。（3）薄层混积滩坝发育在沙三下亚段一级缓坡迎风带，受古地貌、弱物源、古风向、沿岸流的综合影响。通过对多级缓坡地貌的划分，沉积模式的建立，有助于预测滩坝砂体的分布，为渤海湾盆地滩坝砂体的勘探提供借鉴。
- 多级缓坡地貌 /
- 砂质滩坝 /
- 混积滩坝 /
- 莱州湾凹陷 /
- 主控因素 /
- 沉积模式
Abstract: Sandy and mixed beach-bar, which has good exploration potential, are widely developed in the upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation(Es4^U) to the lower third member of Shahejie Formation (Es3^L) of the Laizhou Bay Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin. At present, the sedimentary characteristics, genesis mechanism, and evolution mode of the beach-bar are still poorly understood, which seriously restricts the exploration and prediction of this type of sedimentation. Therefore, this study makes comprehensive use of drilling, logging, and seismic data to finely recover the micro-paleogeomorphology of the study area, clarifies the controlling role of geomorphology of the multi-stage gentle slope on the development of the beach-bar in the study area, sums up the depositional characteristics and the main controlling factors of the sand bodies of the beach-bar at different locations, and constructs the depositional model. The results show that: (1) sandy beach-bar are mainly developed in the front flanks of the braided river delta of the Es4^U, which are mainly controlled by the windward geomorphic features of the first-stage gentle slope, strong sediment supply, and paleo-wind direction. (2) The thick-layered mixed beach-bar are mainly developed in the windward zone of the secondary gentle slope of the Es4^U, which is jointly influenced by paleo-morphology, medium sediment supply, and coastal currents. (3) The thin-layered mixed beach-bar are developed in the windward zone of the first-stage gentle slope of the Es3^L, which is influenced by the combination of paleo-morphology, weak sediment supply, paleo-wind direction, and littoral current. By dividing the multi-stage gentle slope geomorphology, the establishment of the depositional model can help to predict the distribution of the sand body of the beach-bar and provide a reference for the exploration of the sand body of the beach-bar in the Bohai Bay Basin.
- multistage gentle slope landform /
- sandy beach-bar /
- mixed beach-bar /
- Laizhou Bay Sag /
- main control factor /
- sedimentary model

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图 1 莱州湾凹陷区域构造分布（a）及岩性地层综合柱状图（b）（改自文献[26]）

Fig. 1 Regional structure distribution(a) and stratigraphic column(b) of Laizhou Bay Sag (Adapted from the literature^[26])

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图 2 南部缓坡带地貌图（a. 沙四上亚段；b. 沙三下亚段）

Fig. 2 Geomorphological map of southern gentle slope zone (a. Es₄^u; b. Es₃^L)

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图 3 莱州湾凹陷近南北格架地震剖面（剖面位置见图1A-A’）

Fig. 3 Near north-south grid seismic profile of Laizhou Bay Sag (Profile position is shown in Fig.1 A-A ')

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图 4 莱州湾西南部中央隆起带剥蚀响应（剖面a位置见图1B-B'；剖面c位置见图1C-C'）

Fig. 4 Response to denudation of central uplift zone in southwest Laizhou Bay (The position of profile a is shown in Fig.1 B-B'; The position of profile c is shown in Fig.1 C-C'.)

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图 5 KA构造区连井剖面

Fig. 5 Stratigraphic cross-wells section of KA structure realm

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图 6 莱州湾凹陷南部多级缓坡地貌划分（a）及示意图（b）（图a位置见图1D-D'）

Fig. 6 Landform division of multistage gentle slope in southern Laizhou Bay Depression (a) and schematic diagram (b) (The position of profile a is shown in Fig.1 D-D')

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图 7 南部缓坡带多类型滩坝地震相、钻井特征、岩性组合以及成因解释图版

Fig. 7 Seismic facies, drilling characteristics, lithologic combination, and genetic interpretation chart of multi-type beach-bar in the south gentle slope zone

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图 8 滩坝A典型地震反射剖面特征（剖面位置见图1E-E'）

Fig. 8 Typical seismic reflection profile characteristics of beach-bar A (Profile position is shown in Fig.1 E-E'')

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图 9 滩坝B井震结合剖面解释（剖面位置见图1F-F'）

Fig. 9 Beach-bar B well seismic combined profile interpretation (Profile position is shown in Fig.1 F-F')

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图 10 滩坝C地震剖面反射特征（剖面位置见图1G-G'）

Fig. 10 Reflection characteristics of beach-bar C seismic profile (Profile position is shown in Fig.1 G-G')

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图 11 沙四上亚段滩坝平面分布图（底图：沙四上微古地貌图）

Fig. 11 Plan distribution of beach-bar in the Es₄^u (Base map: micro-paleogeomorphology of the Es4^u)

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图 12 沙三下亚段滩坝平面分布图（底图：沙三下微古地貌图）

Fig. 12 Plan distribution of beach-bar in the Es₃^L (Base map: micro-paleogeomorphology of the Es4^u)

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图 13 莱州湾凹陷多级缓坡迎风带滩坝沉积模式

Fig. 13 The sedimentary model of beach-bar in the windward zone of multistage gentle slope in Laizhou Bay Sag

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