Correlation analysis of zooplankton community structure and environmental factors in the Oujiang River Estuary
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摘要: 为探究瓯江口海域浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的相关性，分别于2021年3月（冬季）、5月（春季）、8月（夏季）、11月（秋季）对瓯江口海域的浮游动物及海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度等环境因子进行了4个航次的调查。结果显示，本次调查共鉴定出浮游动物78种，其中包括16种浮游幼虫，隶属于8门14大类，夏季物种数最丰富（47种），冬季物种数最低（23种），优势种（Y ≥ 0.02）有17种，其中桡足类占8种，如中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、中华华哲水蚤（Sinocalanus sinensis）、太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica）和背针胸刺水蚤（Centropages dorsispinatus）等。浮游动物的年平均丰度为（162.95 ± 310.96）ind./m3，年平均生物量为（118.85 ± 62.80）mg/m3，存在明显的季节变化差异，春季丰度和生物量最高，秋季最低；冬季丰度比夏季高，生物量低于夏季。浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）、Pielou均匀度指数（J'）和浮游动物Margalef丰富度指数（D）年平均值分别为1.500 ± 0.702、0.656 ± 0.270和2.301 ± 1.087。Spearman相关性分析和典范对应分析结果表明，海水温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和浮游植物丰度是影响瓯江口海域浮游动物优势丰度的重要环境因素。这为瓯江口环境季节变化对浮游动物的影响研究提供科学参考依据，为瓯江口生物资源的可持续发展提供基础资料和理论依据。Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors in the Oujiang River Estuary, four voyages were conducted in March (winter), May (spring), August (summer) and November (autumn) in 2021 to investigate the zooplankton and other environmental factors such as sea temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration in the Oujiang River Estuary sea area. The results show that 78 species of zooplankton are identified, including 16 species of larva, it belongs to 8 classes and 14 categories , with the highest number of species in summer (47 species) and the lowest number in winter (23 species). The dominant species (Y ≥ 0.02) include Calanus sinicus, Sinocalanus sinensis, Acartia pacifica, and Centropages dorsispinatus, 17 species. The average annual abundance of zooplankton is (162.95 ± 310.96) ind./m3, and the average annual biomass is (118.85 ± 62.80) mg/m3. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton are the highest in spring and the lowest in autumn. The abundance in winter is higher than that in summer, and the biomass is lower than that in summer. The average annual Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J') and Margalef richness index (D) are 1.500 ± 0.702, 0.656 ± 0.270 and 2.301 ± 1.087, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis show that sea temperature, salinity, Chl a concentration and phytoplankton abundance are important environmental factors affecting the dominant abundance of zooplankton in the Oujiang River Estuary. It provides scientific reference for the study on the influence of seasonal environmental changes on zooplankton in the Oujiang River Estuary, and provides basic data and theoretical basis for the sustainable development of biological resources in the Oujiang River Estuary.
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图 2 瓯江口海域表层海水温度、盐度和叶绿素a浓度的平面分布
Fig. 2 Horizontal distribution of surface sea temperature, salinity and Chl a concentration in the Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 3 瓯江口海域浮游动物种类数分布
Fig. 3 Zooplankton species distribution in the Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 4 瓯江口海域浮游动物生物量分布
Fig. 4 Zooplankton biomass distribution in the Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 5 瓯江口海域浮游动物丰度分布
Fig. 5 Zooplankton abundance distribution in the Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 6 瓯江口海域浮游动物多样性指数季节分布
Fig. 6 Seasonal distribution of zooplankton diversity index in the Oujiang River Estuary sea area
图 7 瓯江口海域浮游动物优势种丰度与环境因子的CCA分析
T：海水温度；S：盐度；Chl a：叶绿素a浓度；PA：浮游植物丰度；sp1：中华哲水蚤；sp2：中华华哲水蚤；sp3：虫肢歪水蚤；sp4：太平洋纺锤水蚤；sp5：背针胸刺水蚤；sp6：精致针刺水蚤；sp7：亚强真哲水蚤；sp8：中华胸刺水蚤；sp9：钩虾（未定种）；sp10：糠虾幼体；sp11：磷虾类带叉幼体；sp12：短尾类溞状幼体；sp13：箭虫幼体；sp14：长额刺糠虾；sp15：短额刺糠虾；sp16：百陶箭虫；sp17：异体住囊虫
Fig. 7 CCA analysis of zooplankton abundance and environmental factors in the Oujiang River Estuary sea area
T: Sea water temperature; S: salinity; Chl a: chlorophyll a concentration; PA: phytoplankton abundance; sp1: Calanus sinicus; sp2: Sinocalanus sinensis; sp3: Tortanus vermiculus; sp4: Acartia pacifica; sp5: Centropages dorsispinatus; sp6: Euchaeta concinna; sp7: Eucalanus subcrassus; sp8: Centropages sinensis; sp9: Gammarus sp.; sp10: Mysidacea larva; sp11: Furcilia larva; sp12: Brachyura zoea; sp13: Sagitta larva; sp14: Acanthomysis longirostris; sp15: Acanthomysis brevirostris; sp16: Sagitta bedoti; sp17: Oikopleura dioica
表 1 瓯江口海域浮游动物优势种的季节分布和平均丰度
Tab. 1 Seasonal distribution and average abundance of dominant zooplankton species in the Oujiang River Estuary sea area
序号 种名 冬季 春季 夏季 秋季 优势度 平均丰度/（ind.·m−3） 优势度 平均丰度/（ind.·m−3） 优势度 平均丰度/（ind.·m−3） 优势度 平均丰度/（ind.·m−3） sp1
中华哲水蚤
Calanus sinicus0.96 280.2 ± 435.5 0.03 304.1 ± 958.5 − − − − sp2
中华华哲水蚤
Sinocalanus sinensis/ / 0.03 145.3 ± 407.5 − − − − sp3
虫肢歪水蚤
Tortanus vermiculus/ / 0.02 90.4 ± 278.2 − − / / sp4
太平洋纺锤水蚤
Acartia pacifica/ / − − 0.38 44.3 ± 57.8 0.04 2.9 ± 4.6 sp5
背针胸刺水蚤
Centropages dorsispinatus/ / / / 0.04 5.1 ± 5.4 0.08 6.8 ± 7.8 sp6
精致真刺水蚤
Euchaeta concinna/ / / / 0.02 3.7 ± 5.9 − − sp7
亚强真哲水蚤
Eucalanus subcrassus/ / / / − − 0.14 7.8 ± 15.3 sp8
中华胸刺水蚤
Centropages sinensis/ / / / − − 0.05 6.9 ± 20.4 sp9
钩虾（未定种）
Gammarus sp.− − 0.17 483.2 ± 848.7 − − / / sp10
糠虾幼体
Mysidacea larva/ / 0.10 463.2 ± 1 146.4 0.02 6.1 ± 11.9 − − sp11
磷虾类带叉幼体
Furcilia larva− − 0.02 57.6 ± 140.1 − − − − sp12
短尾类溞状幼体
Brachyura zoea− − − − 0.04 5.3 ± 7.0 − − sp13
箭虫幼体
Sagitta larva− − − − − − 0.02 1.7 ± 1.9 sp14
长额刺糠虾
Acanthomysis longirostris/ / 0.04 191.7 ± 568.1 − − − − sp15
短额刺糠虾
Acanthomysis brevirostris/ / − − / / 0.02 2.3 ± 3.9 sp16
百陶箭虫
Sagitta bedoti/ / − − 0.05 8.6 ± 13.1 − − sp17
异体住囊虫
Oikopleura dioica/ / / / − − 0.03 2.4 ± 4.2 注：sp表示种类；“−”表示此物种不是优势种（Y < 0.02）；“/”表示未出现该物种。 
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表 2 瓯江口海域浮游动物丰度与环境因子的Sperman相关性分析
Tab. 2 Sperman correlation analysis of zooplankton abundance and environmental factors in Oujiang River Estuary sea area
相关系数 桡足类 端足类 浮游幼虫 糠虾类 毛颚类 被囊类 叶绿素a浓度 0.619** 0.112 0.501** 0.443** 0.138 0.225 水温 0.499** 0.211 0.577** 0.156 0.475** −0.045 盐度 −0.217 −0.487** −0.337* −0.558** 0.217 0.163 浮游植物丰度 0.371* 0.477** 0.571** 0.241 0.283 −0.141 注： “*”表示显著相关（p < 0.05），“**”表示极显著相关（p < 0.01）。
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