北部湾东北部春、夏季表层海水CO<sub>2</sub>分压的24 h变化及其调控机制研究

许欣; 王翔; 胡慧娜; 向荣; 蔡钰灿; 刘长建; 张伟杰; 陈际雨; 马玉

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023052

北部湾东北部春、夏季表层海水CO₂分压的24 h变化及其调控机制研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023052

许欣^{1, 2,},
王翔^{1, 2},
胡慧娜^{2, 3, 4},
向荣^{1, 2},
蔡钰灿^{1, 2},
刘长建^{1, 2},
张伟杰^{1, 2},
陈际雨^{1, 2},
马玉^{1, 2, 4, ,}

1.
自然资源部南海调查中心，广东广州 510300
2.
自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室，广东广州 510300
3.
自然资源部南海生态中心，广东广州 510300
4.
海南南沙珊瑚礁生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，广东广州 510300

基金项目: 国家海洋局南海分局海洋科学技术局长基金（180211）；自然资源部南海局科技发展基金(202205)。

详细信息

作者简介:
许欣（1989-），男，浙江省杭州市人，主要研究方向为海洋生物地球化学。E-mail：xuxinsmst@163.com

通讯作者:
马玉（1982-），正高级工程师，主要研究方向为海洋生物地球化学。E-mail：362005949@qq.com

中图分类号: P732.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-13
- 修回日期: 2022-10-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-01

Hourly variations of partial pressure of CO₂ in surface sea water and its controlling mechanisms in the northeastern Beibu Gulf in spring and summer

Xu Xin^{1, 2
,},
Wang Xiang^{1, 2},
Hu Huina^{2, 3, 4},
Xiang Rong^{1, 2},
Cai Yucan^{1, 2},
Liu Changjian^{1, 2},
Zhang Weijie^{1, 2},
Chen Jiyu^{1, 2},
Ma Yu^{1, 2, 4
, ,}

1.
South China Sea Marine Survey Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China
3.
South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China
4.
Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Hainan, Guangzhou 510300, China

摘要

摘要: 周日观测对掌握近海碳酸盐体系变化和海−气CO₂交换过程是必要的，有助于降低碳源汇评估的不确定性。针对北部湾东北部的英罗湾−安铺港海域，于2018年4月和8月利用24 h定点逐时采样观测了该区域表层海水碳酸盐体系及相关要素，分析了春、夏季的表层海水CO₂分压（pCO₂）24 h逐时变化规律及其调控因子。观测结果表明，春、夏季pCO₂变化范围分别为530～628 μatm和427～748 μatm，平均海−气CO₂通量分别为（1.7±0.8）mmol/(m²·d)和（1.2±0.8）mmol/(m²·d)，均表现为大气CO₂的弱源。其中春季pCO₂ 24 h逐时变化受温度的影响相比夏季更显著，而夏季pCO₂对潮汐作用以及区域内沿岸河流、地下水等淡水汇入引起的生物生产和呼吸代谢过程增强的响应更明显。海水升温主导了春季区域表层高pCO₂的形成，夏季咸淡水的物理混合过程中增强的生物生产对表层溶解无机碳（DIC）起到降低作用，区域内的红树林、盐沼等生态系统对淡水端的DIC添加有一定的贡献。水团DIC浓度与总碱度（TA）的比值变化可反映英罗湾−安铺港海域pCO₂湾内高、湾外低的总体分布格局。
- 北部湾 /
- 英罗湾−安铺港 /
- CO₂分压 /
- 海−气CO₂通量
Abstract: Diurnal observation is necessary for grasping the variability of carbonate system in coastal waters and sea-air CO₂ exchange process and is helpful to reduce the uncertainty of assessments for carbon source/sink. Surface carbonate system and related parameters were obtained during twice 24 hours fixed sampling and observation conducted in April and August 2018 in the Yingluo Bay-Anpu Harbor, located in the northeastern Beibu Gulf. In this paper, we analyzed the hourly variations of partial pressure of CO₂ in surface sea water (pCO₂) and discussed the corresponding environment factors controlling pCO₂ in both seasons. The pCO₂ values ranged from 530−628 μatm in spring to 427−748 μatm in summer, with the average sea-air CO₂ flux in spring and summer for (1.7±0.8) mmol/(m²·d) and (1.2±0.8) mmol/(m²·d), respectively. The study area acted as a weak CO₂ source during both seasons. The hourly changes of pCO₂ in spring were more significantly affected by temperature effects than in summer. During summertime, pCO₂ had more sensibly response to tidal action, enhanced biological production and respiration with inflow of coastal freshwater such as rivers and submarine groundwater discharge. Water warming dominated the formation of high pCO₂ in spring. The enhanced biological production during the physical mixing of saline and fresh water played a role in the drawdown of surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the mangroves and salt marshes ecosystems along the bay had a certain contribution to the addition of DIC on the freshwater end-member in summer. The variations of the ratio of DIC concentration and total alkalinity (TA) in the water masses could imply the overall distribution pattern adjacent to the Yingluo Bay-Anpu Harbor that high values exists in the bay and lower values exists in offshore water.
- Beibu Gulf /
- Yingluo Bay-Anpu Harbor /
- partial pressure of CO₂ /
- sea-air CO₂ flux

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域与采样站位示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of research area and sampling site

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图 2 C1站表层水文、生态环境和碳酸盐体系要素2018年4月（春季，a−d）和2018年8月（夏季，e−h）24 h逐时变化

Fig. 2 Hourly variations of surface hydrographic, ecological environment factors and carbonate system parameters at Station C1 during April （springtime, a−d） and August （summertime, e−h）, 2018

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图 3 观测期间C1站pCO₂与SST的关系

两条灰色虚线表征pCO₂的温度控制曲线，分别为pCO₂=560 μatm×exp[0.042 3×（SST−23.2℃）]（下部线）和pCO₂=600 μatm×exp[0.042 3×（SST−23.2℃）]（上部线）

Fig. 3 Relationship between pCO₂ and SST at Station C1 during the observations

The two grey dashed lines represent the SST-pCO₂ functions of pCO₂=560 μatm×exp[0.042 3×(SST−23.2℃)] (lower line) and of pCO₂=600 μatm×exp[0.042 3×(SST−23.2℃)] (upper line), respectively

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图 4 观测期间C1站SSS与水深的关系（a）和npCO₂与SSS的关系（b）

Fig. 4 Relationship between SSS and water depth (a) and normalized pCO₂ and SSS (b) at Station C1 during the observations

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图 5 观测期间C1站npCO₂与Chl a浓度的关系（a）及npCO₂与DO%的关系（b）

Fig. 5 Relationship between normalized pCO₂ and Chl a concentration (a) and normalized pCO₂ and DO saturation (b) at Station C1 during the observations

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图 6 观测期间C1站TA与SSS的关系（a）、DIC浓度与SSS的关系（b）和pCO₂与DIC浓度/TA比值的关系（c）

Fig. 6 Relationship between TA and SSS (a), DIC concentration and SSS (b), and pCO₂ and DIC concentration/TA ratio (c) at Station C1 during the observations

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表 1 观测期间C1站水深、SST、SSS、DO浓度、Chl a浓度、DIC浓度、TA、pH和pCO₂ 统计结果

Tab. 1 Summary of water depth, SST, SSS, DO concentration, Chl a concentration, DIC concentration, TA, pH and pCO₂ at Station C1 during the observations

观测时间	水深/m	SST/℃	SSS	DO浓度/ （μmol·L⁻¹）	Chl a浓度/ （μg·L⁻¹）	DIC浓度/ （μmol·kg⁻¹）	TA/ （μmol·kg⁻¹）	pH	pCO₂/μatm
2018年4月 8−9日（春季）	2.5～6.0	21.8～25.0	30.42～31.19	216.1～237.9	1.31～4.49	1 875～1 927	2 022～2098	7.99～8.05	530～628
2018年4月 8−9日（春季）	2.5～6.0	（23.2±0.9）	（30.81±0.19）	（224.8±5.7）	（2.62±0.88）	（1 901±17）	（2 063±22）	（8.01±0.02）	（588±27）
2018年8月25−26日（夏季）	4.5～8.8	28.0～31.3	21.73～27.34	179.2～242.8	4.92～9.44	1 569～1 729	1 661～1 895	7.88～8.12	427～748
2018年8月25−26日（夏季）	4.5～8.8	（29.3±1.0）	（24.51±1.53）	（201.5±15.5）	（6.99±1.60）	（1 624±41）	（1 772±70）	（8.02±0.07）	（548±83）
注：括号内为平均值±标准差。

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表 2 观测期间C1站pCO₂和相关环境因子Pearson相关性分析

Tab. 2 The Pearson correlations analysis of pCO₂ and related environment factors at Station C1 during the observations

双因子	观测时间
双因子	2018年4月8−9日（春季）	2018年8月25−26日（夏季）
水深−pCO₂	−0.872^**	−0.667^**
SST−pCO₂	0.470^*	−0.782^**
SSS−pCO₂	−0.840^**	−0.752^**
DO浓度−pCO₂	0.298	−0.816^**
Chl a浓度−pCO₂	0.435^*	−0.257
注：*代表p<0.01；代表p<0.05。

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表 3 观测期间C1站海−气ΔpCO₂、风速和海−气CO₂通量估算值统计结果

Tab. 3 Summary of sea-air ΔpCO₂, wind speed and estimated sea-air CO₂ flux at Station C1 during the observations

观测时间	ΔpCO₂/ μatm	风速U₁₀/ （m·s⁻¹）	海−气CO₂通量$F_{\rm CO_2} $/ （mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹）
2018年4月 8−9日（春季）	140～238 （198±27）	0.6～2.9 （1.9±0.5）	0.2～4.0 （1.7±0.8）
2018年8月 25−26日（夏季）	42～363 （163±83）	0.2～3.4 （1.8±0.7）	0～2.8 （1.2±0.8）
注：括号中为平均值±标准差。

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