Study on the population distribution of Acanthaster planci in the reef area of the Xisha Islands based on environmental DNA technology
-
摘要: 长棘海星（Acanthaster planci）作为珊瑚的天敌之一，因其对珊瑚礁生态系统的灾难性破坏而备受关注。然而，长棘海星在南海珊瑚礁生态系统中的时空分布特征仍不清楚。本研究于2020年9月、2021年4月和2022年1月对西沙群岛礁区表层海水进行取样，借助环境DNA（environmental DNA）和实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了表层海水中长棘海星线粒体细胞色素-c-氧化酶亚基I（COTS-mtCOI）基因片段浓度的时空变化，及其与海水温度、盐度、pH、叶绿素含量和营养盐含量等环境因子的相关性。结果发现，2020−2022年，西沙礁区COTS-mtCOI片段浓度的变化范围为0～4.13×107 拷贝数/m3，且永乐环礁附近一直有较高的COTS-mtCOI片段浓度。对于华光礁、晋卿岛、羚羊礁、全富岛和赵述岛而言，2020年9月表层海水中COTS-mtCOI片段的平均浓度显著高于2021年4月和2022年1月（p<0.05）。此外，COTS-mtCOI片段浓度与表层海水的温度显著正相关（p<0.05）。研究结果表明，当前长棘海星群体广泛分布于我国西沙群岛海域，永乐环礁可能分布着较高密度的长棘海星群体，水温升高可能促进长棘海星的暴发。本研究有助于了解南海珊瑚礁生态系统中长棘海星的种群分布特征，同时也能够对长棘海星暴发的预警预报提供理论依据。Abstract: Acanthaster planci, one of the predators of reef-building corals, has attracted much attention for its catastrophic damage to coral reef ecosystems. However, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of A. planci are still unclear in the coral reef ecosystem of the South China Sea. In this study, using environmental DNA and real-time quantitative PCR techniques, we analyzed the concentration variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome-c-oxidase subunits I (COTS-mtCOI) fragment of A. planci in the surface seawater of the Xisha Islands in September 2020, April 2021 and January 2022, and the correlations between the concentration variation with environmental factors such as seawater temperature, salinity, pH, chlorophyll content, nutrients content and other environmental factors. The results showed that COTS-mtCOI fragment concentration in the Xisha Islands varied from 0 copies/m3 to 4.13×107 copies/m3 during 2020−2022, and there were always higher concentrations in the Yongle Atoll. For Huaguang Reef, Jinqing Islands, Lingyang Reef, Quanfu Island and Zhaoshu Island, the average concentration of COTS-mtCOI fragment in September 2020 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in April 2021 and January 2022. In addition, COTS-mtCOI fragment concentration was significantly (p<0.05) positively correlated with surface seawater temperature. These results suggest that the population of A. planci is widely distributed in the seawater of Xisha Islands, and higher density of A. planci could appear in Yongle Atoll. Moreover, ocean warming may accelerate the outbreak of A. planci. This study is helpful to understand the population distribution characteristics of A. planci in the coral reef ecosystems of the South China Sea, and can provide a theoretical basis for the early warning and forecast of the A. planci outbreak.
-
Key words:
- coral reef /
- Acanthaster planci /
- environmental DNA /
- seawater temperature
-
图 2 2020年9月西沙群岛表层海水中COTS-mtCOI片段浓度的空间变化
Fig. 2 Spatial changes of COTS-mtCOI fragment concentration in the surface seawater of the Xisha Islands in September 2020
图 3 2021年4月西沙群岛表层海水中COTS-mtCOI片段浓度的空间变化
Fig. 3 Spatial changes of COTS-mtCOI fragment concentration in the surface seawater of the Xisha Islands in April 2021
图 4 2022年1月西沙群岛表层海水中COTS-mtCOI片段浓度的空间变化
Fig. 4 Spatial changes of COTS-mtCOI fragment concentration in the surface seawater of the Xisha Islands in January 2022
图 5 华光礁、晋卿岛、羚羊礁、全富岛和赵述岛表层海水中COTS-mtCOI片段浓度的变化
a. 5个礁区COTS-mtCOI片段平均浓度随时间的变化；b. 各个礁区COTS-mtCOI片段浓度随时间的变化；*和不同字母分别表示不同日期和相同站点不同日期COTS-mtCOI片段浓度存在显著差异（p<0.05）
Fig. 5 Changes of COTS-mtCOI fragment concentration in the surface seawater of Huaguang Reef, Jinqing Island, Lingyang Reef, Quanfu Island and Zhaoshu Island reef areas
a. Mean concentration changes of COTS-mtCOI fragment in the five reef areas over time; b. concentration changes of COTS-mtCOI fragment of individual reef areas over time; * and different letters indicate COTS-mtCOI fragment concentration in the same date and in the different date of the same sampling stations significant differences (p<0.05)
图 6 西沙群岛各礁区表层海水水质指标和COTS-mtCOI片段浓度的相关性
*表示存在显著正相关（p<0.05）
Fig. 6 Correlation between water quality parameters of the surface seawater and COTS-mtCOI fragment concentration of Xisha Islands reef area
* Indicates a significant positive correlation (p<0.05)
表 1 各海水水质指标的检测方法
Tab. 1 Method for analysis of seawater quality indexes
水质指标 检测方法 温度 表层水温表法 pH pH计法 盐度 盐度计法 氨氮含量 靛酚蓝分光光度法 亚硝酸盐氮含量 盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法 硝酸盐氮含量 锌镉还原法 活性磷酸盐含量 磷钼蓝分光光度法 无机磷含量 过硫酸钾氧化法 石油含量分析 紫外分光光度法 叶绿素含量 荧光光度法 悬浮物含量 重量法 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 傅秀梅, 王长云, 邵长伦, 等. 中国珊瑚礁资源状况及其药用研究调查Ⅰ. 珊瑚礁资源与生态功能[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 39(4): 676−684.Fu Xiumei, Wang Changyun, Shao Changlun, et al. Investigation on the status of coral reef resources and medicinal research in China Ι. Coral reef resources and ecological functions[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2009, 39(4): 676−684. [2] 吴钟解, 王道儒, 涂志刚, 等. 西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化原因分析[J]. 海洋学报, 2011, 33(4): 140−146.Wu Zhongjie, Wang Daoru, Tu Zhigang, et al. The analysis on the reason of hermatypic coral degradation in Xisha[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2011, 33(4): 140−146. [3] 施祺, 严宏强, 张会领, 等. 西沙群岛永兴岛礁坡石珊瑚覆盖率的空间变化[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2011, 30(2): 10−17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2011.02.002Shi Qi, Yan Hongqiang, Zhang Huiling, et al. Spatial variations of stony coral cover on the reef slope of Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2011, 30(2): 10−17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2011.02.002 [4] Clark A M, Downey M E. Starfishes of the Atlantic[M]. Berkeley: Springer, 1992. [5] Moran P. Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Questions and Answers[M]. Townsville, Queensland: Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), 1997. [6] Bruno J F, Selig E R. Regional decline of coral cover in the Indo-Pacific: timing, extent, and subregional comparisons[J]. PLoS One, 2007, 2(8): e711. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000711 [7] Pratchett M S, Caballes C F, Rivera-Posada J A, et al. Limits to understanding and managing outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp. )[M]//Hughes R N, Hughes D J, Smith I P. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014: 133−200. [8] De’ath G, Fabricius K E, Sweatman H, et al. The 27-year decline of coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef and its causes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109(44): 17995−17999. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1208909109 [9] 黄晖, 尤丰, 练健生, 等. 西沙群岛海域造礁石珊瑚物种多样性与分布特点[J]. 生物多样性, 2011, 19(6): 710−715.Huang Hui, You Feng, Lian Jiansheng, et al. Species diversity and distribution of scleractinian coral at Xisha Islands, China[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2011, 19(6): 710−715. [10] 赵焕庭, 王丽荣, 袁家义. 南海诸岛珊瑚礁可持续发展[J]. 热带地理, 2016, 36(1): 55−65.Zhao Huanting, Wang Lirong, Yuan Jiayi. Sustainable development of the coral reefs in the South China Sea Islands[J]. Tropical Geography, 2016, 36(1): 55−65. [11] 李元超, 吴钟解, 梁计林, 等. 近15年西沙群岛长棘海星暴发周期及暴发原因分析[J]. 科学通报, 2019, 64(33): 3478−3484.Li Yuanchao, Wu Zhongjie, Liang Jilin, et al. Analysis on the outbreak period and cause of Acanthaster planci in Xisha Islands in recent 15 years[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(33): 3478−3484. [12] Suzuki G, Yasuda N, Ikehara K, et al. Detection of a high-density brachiolaria-stage larval population of crown-of-thorns sea star (Acanthaster planci) in Sekisei Lagoon (Okinawa, Japan)[J]. Diversity, 2016, 8(2): 9. [13] Doyle J R, McKinnon A D, Uthicke S. Quantifying larvae of the coralivorous seastar Acanthaster cf. solaris on the Great Barrier Reef using qPCR[J]. Marine Biology, 2017, 164(8): 176. doi: 10.1007/s00227-017-3206-x [14] 张颖, 杨栎潼, 刘冰, 等. 长棘海星(Acanthaster planci)幼体特异性PCR检测技术与应用[J/OL]. 热带海洋学报, 2022 [2022−03−10]. https://doi.org/10.11978/2022011.Zhang Ying, Yang Litong, Liu Bing, et al. Specific PCR detection for Acanthaster planci larvae and its application[J/OL]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022 [2022−03−10]. https://doi.org/10.11978/2022011. [15] Levy-Booth D J, Campbell R G, Gulden R H, et al. Cycling of extracellular DNA in the soil environment[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007, 39(12): 2977−2991. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.06.020 [16] Taberlet P, Coissac E, Hajibabaei M, et al. Environmental DNA[J]. Molecular Ecology, 2012, 21(8): 1789−1793. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05542.x [17] 单秀娟, 李苗, 王伟继. 环境DNA(eDNA)技术在水生生态系统中的应用研究进展[J]. 渔业科学进展, 2018, 39(3): 23−29.Shan Xiujuan, Li Miao, Wang Weiji. Application of environmental DNA technology in aquatic ecosystem[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2018, 39(3): 23−29. [18] 郝雅宾, 张爱菊, 刘金殿, 等. 环境DNA技术在鱼类资源研究中的应用[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(12): 56−62.Hao Yabin, Zhang Aiju, Liu Jindian, et al. Application of environmental DNA technology in the study of fish resources[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(12): 56−62. [19] Kwong S L T, Villacorta-Rath C, Doyle J, et al. Quantifying shedding and degradation rates of environmental DNA (eDNA) from Pacific crown-of-thorns seastar (Acanthaster cf.solaris)[J]. Marine Biology, 2021, 168(6): 85. doi: 10.1007/s00227-021-03896-x [20] 赵思佳, 张媛媛, 余克服, 等. 南海珊瑚礁区棘冠海星重金属含量及其生物积累特征分析[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2022, 41(4): 579−585.Zhao Sijia, Zhang Yuanyuan, Yu Kefu, et al. Analysis of heavy metal contents and bioaccumulation characteristics of Acanthaster planci in coral reef of South China Sea[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2022, 41(4): 579−585. [21] Tian Yushun, Yu Zonghe, Luo Peng, et al. Artificial breeding and culture of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae in China[J]. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 2017, 61(3): 157−163. [22] 李元超, 梁计林, 吴钟解, 等. 长棘海星的暴发及其防治[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2019, 36(8): 9−12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9857.2019.08.002Li Yuanchao, Liang Jilin, Wu Zhongxie, et al. Outbreak and prevention of Acanthaster planci[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2019, 36(8): 9−12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9857.2019.08.002 [23] Chen Biao, Yu Kefu, Yao Qiucui, et al. Insights into the environmental impact on genetic structure and larval dispersal of crown-of-thorns starfish in the South China Sea[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021, 8: 728349. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.728349 [24] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 17378.4−2007, 海洋监测规范 第4部分: 海水分析[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. GB 17378.4−2007, The specification for marine monitoring—Part 4: Seawater analysis[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008. [25] Yuan Jian, Li Meizhen, Lin Senjie. An improved DNA extraction method for efficient and quantitative recovery of phytoplankton diversity in natural assemblages[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(7): e0133060. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133060 [26] 吴钟解, 唐佳, 蔡文启, 等. 海南岛东海岸珊瑚礁生态系统中抗生素抗性基因的赋存特征[J]. 热带生物学报, 2022, 13(5): 464−471. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2022.05.006Wu Zhongjie, Tang Jia, Cai Wenqi, et al. Occurrence and characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in the coral reef ecosystems along the east coast of Hainan Island[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology, 2022, 13(5): 464−471. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2022.05.006 [27] McCallum H I. Predator regulation of Acanthaster planci[J]. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1987, 127(2): 207−220. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5193(87)80131-5 [28] Fabricius K E, Okaji K, De’ath G. Three lines of evidence to link outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns seastar Acanthaster planci to the release of larval food limitation[J]. Coral Reefs, 2010, 29(3): 593−605. doi: 10.1007/s00338-010-0628-z [29] Johnson L G, Babcock R C. Temperature and the larval ecology of the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci[J]. The Biological Bulletin, 1994, 187(3): 304−308. doi: 10.2307/1542287 [30] Wolfe K, Graba-Landry A, Dworjanyn S A, et al. Superstars: assessing nutrient thresholds for enhanced larval success of Acanthaster planci, a review of the evidence[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017, 116(1/2): 307−314. -
图(6) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 474
- HTML全文浏览量: 163
- PDF下载量: 108
- 被引次数: 0
