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珠江黄茅海河口湾滩槽结构演变及动态平衡研究

杨清书 傅林曦 魏稳 贾良文 李博 王恒 黄恩茂

杨清书,傅林曦,魏稳,等. 珠江黄茅海河口湾滩槽结构演变及动态平衡研究[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(4):68–81 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023037
引用本文: 杨清书,傅林曦,魏稳,等. 珠江黄茅海河口湾滩槽结构演变及动态平衡研究[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(4):68–81 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023037
Yang Qingshu,Fu Linxi,Wei Wen, et al. Study on the structural evolution and dynamic balance of the shoal and channel in the Huangmaohai Estuary of the Zhujiang River[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(4):68–81 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023037
Citation: Yang Qingshu,Fu Linxi,Wei Wen, et al. Study on the structural evolution and dynamic balance of the shoal and channel in the Huangmaohai Estuary of the Zhujiang River[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(4):68–81 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023037

珠江黄茅海河口湾滩槽结构演变及动态平衡研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023037
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402600)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨清书(1964-),男,广东省平远县人,教授,主要从事河口海岸动力−沉积(泥沙)−地貌过程及海岸工程研究。E-mail: yangqsh@mail.sysu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    黄恩茂(1999-),男,海南省文昌市人,主要从事河口海岸动力−沉积−地貌过程研究。E-mail: huangenm3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P343.5

Study on the structural evolution and dynamic balance of the shoal and channel in the Huangmaohai Estuary of the Zhujiang River

  • 摘要: 河口湾常由滩、槽地貌系统组合而成,其滩槽结构演变及动态平衡既是河口海岸研究的重要科学问题,又是河口规划治理与港口航道建设的理论基石。本文以黄茅海河口湾为研究靶区,采用“动力−沉积−地貌”的研究思路,基于不同历史年代的海图资料,运用地貌信息熵等分析方法,研究黄茅海河口湾滩槽结构的系统演变特征及动态平衡机制,主要发现包括:(1)黄茅海河口湾半个多世纪以来的地貌演变,大致以2007年为转折点,经历由淤积到冲刷的状态转换,其在1940–2007年呈淤积状态,年均淤积率为1.4 cm/a,在2007–2015年呈冲刷状态,年均冲刷率为1.2 cm/a。(2)黄茅海河口湾的滩槽结构发生转换,在2003–2007年之间由“三滩两槽”的结构转换为“两滩一槽”的结构,受围垦和疏浚工程影响,滩槽分异趋于加强,呈现浅滩淤浅、深槽刷深的演变特征。(3)黄茅海河口湾地貌信息熵熵值先减后增,从缓慢淤积相对稳定的有序状态向人为干预下冲淤格局变化及滩槽演变的不确定性增加转换;滩槽结构的稳态存在差异,浅滩相对于深槽显示出更高的不确定性。(4)人类活动将滩槽结构的原有稳态打破,疏浚工程使得东槽的活力提升,促进深槽自适应重构平衡向有序方向发展。西滩和东滩经历围垦等人类活动干扰平衡,浅滩失稳呈无序演变。
  • 图  1  研究区域地形图

    a.珠江河口;b.黄茅海河口湾

    Fig.  1  Topographic map of the study area

    a. Zhujiang River Estuary; b. Huangmaohai Estuary

    图  2  黄茅海河口湾不同年代滩槽冲淤变化

    a. 1940–1977年;b. 1977–2007年;c. 2007–2015年

    Fig.  2  Sedimentation changes of shoal and channel in different years in the Huangmaohai Estuary

    a. 1940–1977; b. 1977–2007; c. 2007–2015

    图  3  黄茅海河口湾水下地形图

    Fig.  3  Topographic map of the Huangmaohai Estuary

    图  4  西滩空间位置(a)及1940−2015年西滩的空间形态(b)、体积及面积(c)变化

    Fig.  4  Spatial position (a), spatial morphological (b) and area/volume (c) changes from 1940 to 2015 of the West Shoal

    图  5  东滩空间位置(a)及1940−2015年东滩的空间形态(b)、体积及面积(c)变化

    Fig.  5  Spatial position (a), spatial morphological (b) and area/volume (c) changes from 1940 to 2015 of the East Shoal

    图  6  东槽空间位置(a)及1940–2015年东槽的空间形态(b)、体积/面积(c)变化

    Fig.  6  Spatial position (a), spatial morphological (b) and area/volume (c) changes from 1940 to 2015 of the East Channel

    图  7  黄茅海河口湾不同地貌单元水深–面积曲线

    a. 黄茅海河口湾,b.东槽,c.西滩,d.东滩

    Fig.  7  Water depth area of different geomorphological units in the Huangmaohai Estuary

    a. Huangmaohai Estuary, b. East Channel, c. West Shoal, d. East Shoal

    图  8  黄茅海河口湾各统计区域1940–2015年地貌信息熵

    Fig.  8  Geomorphological information entropy of various statistical areas of Huangmaohai Estuary from 1940 to 2015

    图  9  黄茅海河口湾围垦区域

    Fig.  9  The reclamation area of Huangmaohai Estuary

    图  10  黄茅海河口湾2011年(a)和2016年(b)表层沉积物运移趋势

    Fig.  10  Trends in the transport of surface sediments in the dredged Huangmaohai Estuary in 2011 (a) and 2016 (b)

    表  1  海图相关说明及水深资料

    Tab.  1  Chart related descriptions and water depth information

    序号年份海图名称比例尺测量时期坐标系和投影基准面
    11940上川岛至澳门港1∶100 0001938–1940年2000国家大地坐标系墨卡托投影略最低低潮面
    21977香港至上川岛1∶150 0001977年2000国家大地坐标系墨卡托投影黄海平均海面
    32007澳门港至珠海港1∶75 0002007年2000国家大地坐标系墨卡托投影理论最低潮面
    42015小蒲台岛至小襟岛1∶75 0002015年2000国家大地坐标系墨卡托投影1985国家基准高程
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  黄茅海河口湾及不同地貌单元的年代际冲淤变化

    Tab.  2  Interdecadal erosion changes in Huangmaohai Estuary and different geomorphological units

    区域1940–
    1977年
    1977–
    2007年
    2007–
    2015年
    西滩冲刷量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)–0.35–0.05–1.26
    面积/(108 m2)0.480.190.72
    淤积量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)1.082.260.78
    面积/(108 m2)0.901.020.61
    净冲淤年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)0.722.21–0.49
    年均变化率/(cm·a−1)0.521.82–0.37
    东滩冲刷量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)–0.77–0.007–1.12
    面积/(108 m2)0.390.020.12
    淤积量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)0.590.490.89
    面积/(108 m2)0.270.240.16
    净冲淤年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)–0.170.49–0.23
    年均变化率/(cm·a−1)–0.261.94–0.82
    东槽冲刷量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)–0.16–0.35–3.17
    面积/(108 m2)0.060.090.22
    淤积量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)0.411.001.74
    面积/(108 m2)0.270.230.13
    净冲淤年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)0.250.65–1.43
    年均变化率/(cm·a−1)0.762.07–4.04
    拦门浅滩冲刷量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)–0.14–0.21–2.87
    面积/(108 m2)0.170.110.75
    淤积量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)2.361.650.62
    面积/(108 m2)1.250.870.26
    净冲淤年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)2.221.44–2.25
    年均变化率/(cm·a−1)1.561.47–2.22
    黄茅海冲刷量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)–6.02–3.47–28.79
    面积/(108 m2)2.222.063.89
    淤积量年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)14.2715.8719.15
    面积/(108 m2)7.025.804.00
    净冲淤年均体积/(106 m3·a−1)8.2512.40–9.54
    年均变化率/(cm·a−1)1.181.58–1.21
    注:正值表示淤积,负值表示冲刷。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  黄茅海河口湾冲刷量及东槽浚深量估算

    Tab.  3  Huangmaohai Estuary erosion volume and East Channel dredging volume estimation

    时期黄茅海冲刷量/
    (106 m3
    东槽浚深量/
    (106 m3
    浚深占冲刷量之比/%
    1940–1977222.74
    1977–2007104.156.7654.5
    2007–2015230.3239.6217.2
    注:−代表不统计。
    下载: 导出CSV
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    Chu Nanyang. The evolution of Lingding Bay channel-shoal system under anthropogenic influence[D]. Guangzhou: Sun Yat-sen University, 2020.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-14
  • 修回日期:  2022-10-31
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-03-28
  • 刊出日期:  2023-03-31

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