Temporal and spatial evolution and genetic mechanism of shallow continental shelf sandbodies in the northwestern Zhusan Depression
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摘要: 为阐明珠三坳陷西北部珠江组一段上亚段浅海陆架砂体成因机制，综合地质与地球物理数据，首先搭建了五级层序地层格架，并以此为约束，开展浅海陆架砂体识别与定量描述，剖析其时空演化规律，进而讨论其成因机制。结果表明：（1）研究区珠江组一段上亚段可划分为4个五级层序，自下向上编号为FS4、FS3、FS2与FS1；（2）研究区发育潮流沙脊与滨外沙坝两种类型陆架砂体，两者整体呈NW−SE向展布，潮流沙脊主要分布于研究区西部，滨外沙坝则集中于东部；（3）FS4、FS3与FS2 3个五级层序中，潮流沙脊与滨外沙坝均呈现较大规模与较多数量，最上部FS1五级层序中，规模与数量达到最小；（4）沉积基准面（水动力）、同沉积地貌、沉积物碎屑供给等因素共同影响了潮流沙脊与滨外沙坝的发育规模、展布特征与时空演化规律等，综合构成了珠三坳陷西北部浅海陆架砂体的成因机制。Abstract: In order to clarify the genetic mechanism of shallow continental shelf sandbodies in the upper submember of the first member of Zhujiang Formation in the northwestern Zhusan Depression, with integrated use of geological and geophysical data, the five-order sequence framework was established firstly, inside of which, the shallow continental shelf sandbodies were identified and quantitatively described, and the temporal and spatial evolution of the shallow continental shelf sandbodies were analyzed, and the genetic mechanism was discussed. The results show that: (1) The upper submember of the first member of Zhujiang Formation in the study area can be divided into four five-order sequences, which were numbered as FS4, FS3, FS2 and FS1 from bottom to top. (2) There are two types of shelf sand bodies: tidal sand ridge and offshore sand bar, which are distributed in NW−SE direction. Tidal sand ridges are mainly distributed in the west of the study area, while offshore sand bars are concentrated in the east. (3) In the three five-order sequences FS4, FS3 and FS2, the scale and quantity of both tidal sand rdiges and offshore sand bars are relatively large, while in the upper five-order sequence FS1, the scale and quantity present poor. (4) Sedimentary base level (hydrodynamic condition), synsedimentary geomorphology and sediment debris supply jointly affected the development scale, distribution characteristics and temporal and spatial evolution of tidal sand ridges and offshore sand bars, which comprehensively constituted the genetic mechanism of shallow continental shelf sand bodies in the northwestern Zhusan Depression.
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图 1 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷构造格局与研究区位置
a. 珠三坳陷位置；b. 研究区位置
Fig. 1 Tectonic framework of the Zhusan Depression in the Zhujiangkou Basin and the location of the interested area
a. The location of Zhusan Depression; b. the location of the interested area
图 2 珠江组一段上部高频层序界面测井响应特征（钻井W10，井位置见图1与图7）
Fig. 2 Logging response characteristics of high frequency sequence boundary in the upper sub-member of the first member of Zhujiang Formation (well W10, see Figures 1 and 7 for the location)
图 3 珠江组一段高频层序界面T40a地震相响应特征（地震剖面过钻井W10）
Fig. 3 The response characteristics of the seismic facies of high frequency sequence boundary T40a in the first member of Zhujiang Formation (the seismic profile passes through well W10)
图 4 珠江组一段高频层序沉积持续时间
Fig. 4 Duration of high frequency sequence deposition in the first member of Zhujiang Formation
图 5 井震结合下的五级层序界面识别与层序格架搭建
Fig. 5 Identification of five-order sequence interface and sequence framework construction under well seismic combination
图 6 潮流沙脊与滨外沙坝测井相与地震相特征
Fig. 6 Characteristics of the logging facies and seismic facies of the tidal sand ridge and offshore sand bar
图 7 珠江组一段上亚段浅海陆架砂体连井对比图
Fig. 7 Shallow continental shelf sandbody inter-well correlation diagram of the upper submember of the first member of Zhujiang Formation
图 8 高频层序约束下的浅海陆架砂体平面展布特征
Fig. 8 Plane distribution characteristics of shallow continental shelf sandbodies constrained by high frequency sequences
图 9 浅海陆架砂体时空演化规律
Fig. 9 The temporal and spatial evolution of the shallow continental shelf sandbodies
图 10 珠三坳陷西北部珠江组一段沉积期构造古地貌特征
Fig. 10 The paleogeomorphology characteristics during the depositon of Zhujiang Formation in the northwestern Zhusan Depression
图 11 珠江组一段上亚段与下亚段连井对比图
Fig. 11 Comparison diagram of connecting wells between upper and lower submembers of the first member of Zhujiang Formation
图 12 浅海陆架砂体成因机制模式图
Fig. 12 Model of genetic mechanism of the shallow continental shelf sand body
表 1 珠江组一段上亚段浅海陆架砂体沉积特征及演化
Tab. 1 Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of shallow-sea shelf sandbodies in the upper submember of the first member of Zhujiang Formation
五级旋回 浅海陆架砂体发育规模 长/km 宽/km 厚/m 长/宽 FS1 2.4～8.7 1.1～3.5 20～40 2.2～2.5 FS2 4.4～15.7 1.3～6.2 40～60 2.7～3.2 FS3 4.7～16.4 1.5～5.4 40～60 3.1～3.3 FS4 4.2～18.5 2.9～9.4 40～60 1.7～2.2 
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