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大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征

刘皓 许秋彤 王春生 荆红梅

刘皓,许秋彤,王春生,等. 大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(1):80–88 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023010
引用本文: 刘皓,许秋彤,王春生,等. 大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(1):80–88 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023010
Liu Hao,Xu Qiutong,Wang Chunsheng, et al. Composition and distribution of methane metabolic archaea in oceanic surface sediments[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(1):80–88 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023010
Citation: Liu Hao,Xu Qiutong,Wang Chunsheng, et al. Composition and distribution of methane metabolic archaea in oceanic surface sediments[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(1):80–88 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023010

大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023010
基金项目: 海南省重大科技计划(ZDKJ2019011);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(420RC677);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0309805);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41776147)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘皓(1981-),男,吉林省长春市人,助理研究员,从事海洋微生物分子生态研究。E-mail: liuh@idsse.ac.cn

    许秋彤(1989-),男,安徽省淮北市人,助理工程师,从事海洋生态研究。E-mail: xuqiutong@scsio.ac.cn

    通讯作者:

    王春生(1964—), 男, 浙江省台州市人,研究员,主要从事海洋生态学研究。E-mail: wangsio@sio.org.cn

    荆红梅(1977—),女,河南省新乡市人,研究员,主要从事海洋微生物分子生态学研究。E-mail: hmjing@idsse.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: Q938.2

Composition and distribution of methane metabolic archaea in oceanic surface sediments

  • 摘要: 海洋沉积物中的甲烷代谢微生物是甲烷循环的关键参与者,其代谢过程对大气甲烷浓度及全球气候变化具有显著影响,研究其在全球大洋沉积物中的组成及分布特征是探究微生物介导甲烷循环的基础。采用焦磷酸454高通量测序测定甲烷代谢保守功能基因mcrA(Methyl coenzyme–M reductase A)分析全球大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢微生物群落的组成和多样性;结合荧光实时定量PCR技术检测了古菌和甲烷代谢古菌的丰度分布特征。与其他海洋生境对比,大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落结构单一,大西洋和印度洋的α多样性指数显著高于太平洋(p<0.05)。在大洋沉积物样品中鉴定到3个目的甲烷代谢古菌,即甲烷杆菌目(Methanobacteriales)、甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)和甲烷微菌目(Methanomicrobiales),其中甲烷微菌目占绝对优势,并主要由一簇未知类群(暂名Oceanic Sediments Dominant group,OSD group)组成。大洋沉积物的古菌16S rRNA基因丰度(湿重,下同)平均为8.81×106 copies/g,大西洋的低于印度洋和太平洋;马里亚纳海沟基因丰度低于南海北部,且随着采样深度增加而呈降低趋势。大洋沉积物的mcrA基因丰度为1.38×103~8.25×104 copies/g。基因丰度大西洋最高,太平洋次之,印度洋最低;马里亚纳海沟略高于南海。本研究发现,相较于冷泉、热液、近海河口等海洋生境,大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌丰度低且群落结构单一,不同海区样品间具有极高的相似性;同时发现OSD group是全球大洋沉积物样品的绝对优势类群,其与已知类群序列亲缘关系均较远,分类进化地位尚不明晰,值得进一步研究。
  • 图  1  各大洋采样站位分布

    Fig.  1  Distribution of sampling stations in different oceans

    图  2  大洋沉积物甲烷代谢古菌群落的α多样性指数

    *代表 p<0.05

    Fig.  2  α-diversity index of the methane metabolic microbes in different ocean sediments

    * Represents p<0.05

    图  3  大洋沉积物样品中甲烷代谢古菌的群落结构

    Fig.  3  Community structure of methane metabolic archaea in different ocean sediments

    图  4  基于甲烷代谢古菌mcrA基因核酸序列构建的系统进化树

    Fig.  4  The phylogenetic tree based on nucleic acid sequence of mcrA gene of methane metabolizing archaea

    图  5  大洋沉积物中的古菌16S rRNA和甲烷代谢古菌mcrA基因的丰度分布

    Fig.  5  Distribution of abundance of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene and methane metabolic mcrA gene in different marine sediments

    表  1  沉积物样品的采样环境参数

    Tab.  1  Sampling parameters in different ocean sediments

    编号海区纬度经度站位深度/m采样时间
    A1南大西洋中脊13.589 6°S14.519 3°W3 2032012年7月25日
    A2南大西洋中脊13.355 1°S14.311 1°W3 1422012年7月26日
    A3南大西洋中脊13.593 5°S14.519 2°W3 1492012年7月27日
    A4南大西洋中脊13.594 6°S14.517 7°W3 0732012年7月29日
    A5南大西洋中脊14.056 6°S14.354 8°W1 5982012年8月8日
    A6南大西洋中脊19.347 3°S11.923 2°W2 5972012年9月25日
    A7南大西洋中脊19.260 7°S11.919 8°W2 6212012年9月27日
    A8南大西洋中脊19.408 5°S11.885 1°W2 4002012年9月27日
    A9南大西洋中脊19.260 7°S11.930 2°W2 5592012年9月30日
    I10西北印度洋脊3.710 6°N63.657 3°E3 6902013年4月24日
    I11西北印度洋脊5.716 8°N61.462 1°E4 0712013年4月28日
    I12西北印度洋脊6.363 2°N60.525 5°E2 9892013年5月1日
    I13西北印度洋脊9.066 1°N58.252 7°E2 8442013年5月6日
    I14西北印度洋脊9.774 7°N57.581 9°E2 0882013年5月9日
    P15西太平洋11.006 5°N141.952 2°E7 0152012年6月30日
    P16西太平洋11.006 5°N141.952 2°E7 0152012年6月30日
    P17西太平洋11.006 5°N141.952 2°E7 0152012年6月30日
    P18西太平洋18.989 1°N113.924 1°E1 0152015年6月29日
    P19西太平洋18.464 1°N113.998 1°E3 6812015年6月30日
    P20西太平洋18.563 9°N113.674 3°E3 7432015年7月2日
    注:P15–P17号样品,沉积物采集深度分别为0~2 cm、2~5 cm、5~10 cm;其余表层沉积物采集深度均为0~5 cm。
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-06-10
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