Numerical simulation of storm surge in the coast of Zhejiang based on parametric wind field model
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摘要: 针对台风参数化风场模型中最大风速半径
$（{R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}）$ 和径向气压分布系数$（B）$ 两个关键参数，以0216（“森拉克”台风）和0414（“云娜”台风）两场台风为例，采用多种$ {R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $ 和$ B $ 计算方法的组合方案，再现台风过程，并提取3处观测站点的模拟数据，与实测结果进行比对。将所得的台风风场作为风暴潮模型的驱动风场，利用MIKE 21模型进行浙江沿海两场台风的风暴潮数值模拟，结合实测资料，验证并分析天文潮位和风暴潮增水水位。结果表明，本文选取的参数化风场模型适用于计算影响浙江海域的台风风场，以此为基础建立的风暴潮模型的模拟结果满足精度要求。Abstract: Aiming at two types of typhoon field parameters used in parametric typhoon wind field model, such as radius to maximum wind speed${R}_{{\rm{max}}}$ and radial pressure distribution coefficient$(B)$ , the process of two typhoon was reproduced with different combinations of parameters${R}_{{\rm{max}}}$ and$ B $ , and compared with the field observation data of three observation sites. The constructed typhoon wind field was used as the driving wind field in the MIKE 21 model, which was used to complete numerical simulation of the storm surge of two typhoons in Zhejiang Province. The tide level and storm tide level were verified and analyzed with the observation data. The results show that the parametric model selected in this paper is suitable for calculating typhoon wind field which affect the coast of Zhejiang, and the simulation results of storm surge model established on this basis meet the requirement of accuracy. -
图 2 0216号台风风速数值模拟结果与实测对比
图中时间均采用世界时（UTC）
Fig. 2 Comparison of Typhoon 0216 wind speed between simulated and observed results
The time in the figure is universal time (UTC)
图 3 0414号台风风速数值模拟结果与实测对比
图中时间均采用世界时（UTC）
Fig. 3 Comparison of Typhoon 0414 wind speed between simulated and observed results
The time in the figure is universal time (UTC)
图 6 0216号台风期间天文潮位数值模拟结果与潮汐表对比
潮位起算面：平均海平面；图中时间均采用世界时（UTC）
Fig. 6 Comparison of tide level between simulated and tide table value during Typhoon 0216
Starting surface of tide: mean sea level; the time in the figure is universal time (UTC)
图 7 0414号台风期间天文潮位数值模拟结果与潮汐表对比
潮位起算面：平均海平面；图中时间均采用世界时（UTC）
Fig. 7 Comparison of tide level between simulated value and tide table value during Typhoon 0414
Starting surface of tide: mean sea level; the time in the figure is universal time (UTC)
图 8 0216号台风期间增水水位数值模拟结果与实测对比
图中时间均采用世界时（UTC）
Fig. 8 Comparison of storm tide between simulated and observed results during Typhoon 0216
The time in the figure is universal time (UTC)
图 9 0414号台风期间增水水位数值模拟结果与实测对比图
图中时间均采用世界时（UTC）
Fig. 9 Comparison of storm tide between simulated and observed results during Typhoon 0414
The time in the figure is universal time (UTC)
表 1 径向气压分布系数
$ B $ 的主要计算表达式Tab. 1 Main calculation methods of radial pressure profile coefficient
$ B $ 海域 $ B $函数表达式 数据来源 编号 西北太
平洋${ {V}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}={K}_{P}{\left(\mathrm{\Delta }P\right)}^{\beta }} $
${B=\dfrac{{\rm{e}}}{ {\gamma }_{2}^{2} }\dfrac{ {\rho }_{{\rm{A}}} }{100\mathrm{\Delta }P}{\left[\dfrac{1}{3.6}{K}_{P}{\left(\mathrm{\Delta }P\right)}^{\beta }\right]}^{2} }$文献[15] B1 ${\begin{array}{l}B=1.128\;58+8.639\;6\times {10}^{-3}\mathrm{\Delta }P\\\quad\;\; -8.774\;5\times {10}^{-3}\phi \end{array}}$ 文献[17] B2 南太
平洋${ B=0.25+0.3\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\Delta }P} $ 文献[12] − $ {B=1.5+(980-P_{\rm{c}})/120 }$ 文献[13] − ${ B=2.0+(P_{\rm{c}}-900)/160 }$ 文献[14] − 大西洋 ${ B=1.881-0.005\;57{R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}-0.011\phi }$ 文献[10] B3 ${\begin{array}{l}B=-0.365-0.152\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}{R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x} }+ 0.082\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\Delta }P\\ \quad\;\;\;-0.117\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\phi +0.674\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}T \end{array}}$ 文献[26] − 注：T为海面温度；“−”为无编号；Vmax为最大风速；KP和β为回归系数；γ2为常数1.05 s。 
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表 2 最大风速半径
$ {R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $ 的主要计算表达式Tab. 2 Main calculation methods of maximal wind velocity radius
$ {R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $ 海域 $ {R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $函数表达式 数据来源 编号 西北太
平洋${ {R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x} }=1.119\times {10}^{3}{\mathrm{\Delta }P}^{-0.805} }$ 文献[8] R1 ${ {\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}=5.510{\mathrm{\Delta }P}^{-0.117}+6.707\times {10}^{-3}\phi }$ 文献[27] R2 ${ {R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}=110.22-18.04\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\Delta }P }$ 文献[28] − 大西洋 ${ {R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}=2.097+0.019\mathrm{\Delta }P-1.867\times {10}^{-4}{\mathrm{\Delta }P}^{2}+0.038\phi }$ 文献[26] − ${ {R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}=3.015+6.291\times {10}^{-5}{\mathrm{\Delta }P}^{2}+0.034\phi }$ 文献[11] − ${\begin{array}{l}{R}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x} }=28.52\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}{\rm h}\left[0.087\;3\left(\phi -28\right)\right]+0.2{V}_{f}\\\qquad\;\;+ 12.22\mathrm{exp}\left(\dfrac{ {P}_{ {\rm{a} } }-1\;013.2}{33.86}\right)+37.22 \end{array} }$ 文献[29] R3 注：“−”为无编号。
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表 3 自匹配模式
Tab. 3 Self-matching patterns
自匹配模式 R1 R2 R3 B1 B1R1 B1R2 B1R3 B2 B2R1 B2R2 B2R3 B3 B3R1 B3R2 B3R3
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表 4 风速计算值与实测值的误差
Tab. 4 Error between simulated and observed results of wind speed
台风名称 测站 误差参数 自匹配模式 B1R1 B1R2 B1R3 B2R1 B2R2 B2R3 B3R1 B3R2 B3R3 0216 大陈 C0 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.89 0.91 0.91 C1 −0.55 −5.14 11.56 −0.93 −9.41 24.28 −4.24 −13.74 33.00 石浦 C0 0.84 0.83 0.74 0.89 0.89 0.85 0.89 0.89 0.88 C1 8.05 2.21 26.08 −2.27 −11.60 30.86 −10.70 −19.82 27.03 嵊泗 C0 0.85 0.84 0.78 0.83 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.84 0.83 C1 5.57 −0.77 27.29 −16.12 −24.51 17.45 −28.28 −34.85 0.85 0414 大陈 C0 0.92 0.91 0.87 0.91 0.91 0.87 0.92 0.91 0.84 C1 3.08 3.92 −0.92 29.4 25.46 21.85 34.85 29.32 40.58 石浦 C0 0.89 0.90 0.94 0.78 0.83 0.93 0.83 0.86 0.90 C1 3.14 5.04 26.95 9.46 3.51 54.62 7.46 1.19 76.38 嵊泗 C0 0.82 0.81 0.78 0.73 0.74 0.73 0.76 0.76 0.74 C1 10.08 7.51 46.89 −5.00 −16.05 49.82 −16.70 −23.02 42.50
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