2019–2020年夏季舟山海域浮游动物优势种生态位及其生态分化

宋晨; 孟周; 王晓波; 韩庆喜

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022170

2019–2020年夏季舟山海域浮游动物优势种生态位及其生态分化

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022170

宋晨^1,,
孟周¹,
王晓波^{2, 3},
韩庆喜^1, ,

1.
宁波大学海洋学院，浙江宁波 315832
2.
国家海洋局宁波海洋环境监测中心站，浙江宁波 315012
3.
禹治环境科技（浙江）有限公司，浙江宁波 315199

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42076156，41676139）。

详细信息

作者简介:
宋晨（1999-），男，河南省商丘市人，主要从事底栖生态学研究。E-mail: 1158145369@qq.com

通讯作者:
韩庆喜, 副研究员，主要从事底栖生态学研究。E-mail: hanqingxi@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q178.53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-08
- 修回日期: 2022-05-31
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-01

Ecological niches and ecological differentiation of dominant zooplankton species in the Zhoushan waters in summer 2019−2020

Song Chen^1
,,
Meng Zhou¹,
Wang Xiaobo^{2, 3},
Han Qingxi^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
2.
Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Ningbo, State Oceanic Administration, Ningbo 315012, China
3.
Yuzhi Environmental Technology (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315199, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解舟山海域浮游动物种间关系及环境因子变化对优势种生态位分化的影响，根据2019年夏季和2020年夏季舟山海域浮游动物调查资料，利用优势度指数判断该海域浮游动物优势种，运用Shannon公式和Pianka公式分析浮游动物优势种生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数，采用冗余分析方法探究影响舟山海域浮游动物优势种生态位分化的主要环境因子。结果表明，舟山海域2019年、2020年浮游动物优势种更替率为66.67%。根据舟山海域浮游动物优势种生态位宽度值，可将其分为广生态位种、中生态位种、窄生态位种，2019年广生态位种有4种，2020年有6种，分别占浮游动物优势种的66.67%和60.00%，表明广生态位种是舟山海域浮游动物优势种的主要组成成分。2019年浮游动物优势种生态位重叠指数范围为0.11～0.79，2020年生态位重叠指数范围为0～0.98。冗余分析表明，2019年浮游动物优势种生态位分化主要受硅酸盐浓度、化学需氧量、温度和叶绿素a浓度的影响，2020年浮游动物优势种生态位分化主要受硅酸盐和溶解氧浓度的影响。该研究有望进一步了解舟山海域浮游动物群落的种间关系，为阐述浮游动物对环境变化的适应机制等研究提供数据基础和科学依据。
- 舟山海域 /
- 浮游动物 /
- 优势种 /
- 生态位 /
- 冗余分析
Abstract: In order to understand the relationship between zooplankton species in the Zhoushan waters and the impact of environmental factor changes on the niche differentiation of dominant species, according to the survey data of zooplankton in the Zhoushan waters in the summer of 2019 and 2020, the dominance index was used to judge the dominant species of zooplankton in this sea area. The Shannon formula and the Pianka formula were used to analyze the niche breadth and niche overlap index of the dominant zooplankton species, and the redundancy analysis (RDA) method was used to explore the main environmental factors affecting the niche differentiation of the dominant zooplankton species in the Zhoushan waters for two years. The results showed that the replacement rate of dominant zooplankton species in the Zhoushan waters was 66.67% in 2019 and 2020. According to the niche width value of the dominant species of zooplankton in the offshore Zhoushan waters, they could be divided into broad niche species, medium niche species, and narrow niche species. They accounted for 66.67% and 60.00% of the dominant species of zooplankton in 2019 and 2020, indicating that the broad niche species were the main components of the dominant species of zooplankton in the coastal waters of Zhoushan. The niche overlap index of the dominant zooplankton species ranged from 0.11 to 0.79 in 2019, and the range of the niche overlap index in 2020 was from 0 to 0.98. RDA analysis showed that the niche differentiation of zooplankton dominant species in 2019 was mainly affected by SiO₃-Si concentration, COD, temperature and Chl a concentration, and the niche differentiation of zooplankton dominant species in 2020 was mainly affected by SiO₃-Si concentration and DO concentration. This study is expected to further understand the interspecific relationships of zooplankton communities in the Zhoushan waters, and provide a data basis and scientific basis for studies such as elaborating the adaptation mechanism of zooplankton to environmental changes.
- Zhoushan waters /
- zooplankton /
- dominant species /
- ecological niche /
- redundancy analysis

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图 1 2019−2020年夏季舟山海域浮游动物采样站位

Fig. 1 Zooplankton sampling stations in the Zhoushan waters during the summer of 2019−2020

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图 2 2019−2020年夏季舟山海域浮游动物优势种冗余分析排序图

sp1. 针刺真浮萤；sp2. 针刺拟哲水蚤；sp3. 夜光虫；sp4. 桡足类桡足幼体；sp5. 桡足类无节幼体；sp6. 强额孔雀水蚤；sp7. 刺尾纺锤水蚤；sp8. 肥胖箭虫；sp9. 拟长腹剑水蚤；sp10. 刷状萤虾；sp11. 微驼隆哲水蚤；sp12. 中华哲水蚤

Fig. 2 RDA ordination graphs of the dominant zooplankton species in the Zhoushan waters in summer 2019−2020

sp1. Euconchoecia aculeata; sp2. Paracalanus aculeatus; sp3. Noctiluca scintillans; sp4. copepoda copepodite; sp5. copepoda nauplius; sp6. Parvocalanus crassirostris; sp7. Acartia spinicauda; sp8. Flaccisagitta enflata; sp9. Oithona simills; sp10. Lucifer penicillifer; sp11. Acrocalanus gracilis; sp12. Calanus sinicus

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表 1 2019年、2020年夏季舟山海域浮游动物优势种

Tab. 1 Dominant zooplankton species in the Zhoushan waters in summer 2019 and 2020

序号	物种	2019年			2020年
序号	物种	出现频率/%	优势度(Y)	平均丰度/(ind.∙m⁻³)	出现频率/%	优势度(Y)	平均丰度/(ind.∙m⁻³)
1	针刺拟哲水蚤 Paracalanus aculeatus	83.33	0.160	890.9	50	0.051	464.9
2	桡足类桡足幼体 copepoda copepodite	100	0.132	511.6	100	0.280	634.9
3	夜光虫 Noctiluca scintillans	58.33	0.107	1214.7
4	强额孔雀水蚤 Parvocalanus crassirostris	58.33	0.042	474.5	91.67	0.106	286.2
5	桡足类无节幼体 copepoda nauplius	100	0.024	91.0	91.67	0.025	67.6
6	针刺真浮萤 Euconchoecia aculeata	91.67	0.022	109.0
7	刺尾纺锤水蚤 Acartia spinicauda				100	0.103	233.4
8	微驼隆哲水蚤 Acrocalanus gracilis				66.67	0.036	181.6
9	拟长腹剑水蚤 Oithona simills				91.67	0.034	91.6
10	肥胖箭虫 Flaccisagitta enflata				75	0.032	127.5
11	中华哲水蚤 Calanus sinicus				83.33	0.031	100.2
12	刷状萤虾 Lucifer penicillifer				66.67	0.025	128.3

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表 2 2019年夏季舟山海域浮游动物优势种生态位宽度值（B_i）和生态位重叠指数（O_ik）

Tab. 2 Niche breadth index (B_i) and niche overlap index (O_ik) of dominant zooplankton species in the Zhoushan waters in summer 2019

序号	物种	B_i	O_ik
序号	物种	B_i	1	2	3	4	5	6
1	桡足类桡足幼体	2.27	1
2	桡足类无节幼体	2.23	0.79	1
3	强额孔雀水蚤	1.75	0.60	0.63	1
4	针刺真浮萤	1.60	0.58	0.52	0.29	1
5	夜光虫	1.55	0.53	0.39	0.30	0.31	1
6	针刺拟哲水蚤	1.47	0.59	0.68	0.72	0.17	0.11	1

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表 3 2020年夏季舟山海域浮游动物优势种生态位宽度值（B_i）和生态位重叠指数（O_ik）

Tab. 3 Niche breadth index (B_i) and niche overlap index (O_ik) of dominant zooplankton species in the Zhoushan waters in summer 2020

序号	物种	B_i	O_ik
序号	物种	B_i	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1	桡足类桡足幼体	2.34	1
2	中华哲水蚤	1.92	0.56	1
3	桡足类无节幼体	1.82	0.65	0.46	1
4	肥胖箭虫	1.74	0.55	0.77	0.73	1
5	强额孔雀水蚤	1.73	0.58	0.18	0.38	0.22	1
6	微驼隆哲水蚤	1.61	0.48	0.34	0.62	0.45	0.22	1
7	拟长腹剑水蚤	1.41	0.79	0.33	0.43	0.22	0.26	0.11	1
8	刺尾纺锤水蚤	1.25	0.76	0.23	0.31	0.10	0.27	0.11	0.96	1
9	刷状萤虾	0.76	0.27	0.18	0.26	0.17	0.10	0.87	0.02	0.09	1
10	针刺拟哲水蚤	0.45	0.69	0.16	0.26	0.06	0.23	0	0.97	0.98	0	1

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表 4 2019年、2020年夏季舟山海域环境因子

Tab. 4 Environmental factors of Zhoushan waters in summer 2019 and 2020

环境因子	2019年	2020年	p
温度/℃	26.64±1.89	23.90±2.93	0.024
盐度	27.46±5.16	25.42±6.38	0.317
水深/m	32.92±16.80	33.25±16.96	0.730
pH	8.20±0.13	8.02±0.13	0.001
DO浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	7.59±1.25	7.08±1.92	0.406
Chl a浓度/（μg·L⁻¹）	10.81±10.23	2.25±3.19	0.028
SS浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	49.10±36.81	94.25±50.24	0.010
COD/（mg·L⁻¹）	1.26±0.61	1.08±0.55	0.474
PO₄-P浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.02±0.01	0.01±0.01	0.142
TIN浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.41±0.20	0.45±0.22	0.360
SiO₃-Si浓度/（mg·L⁻¹）	0.48±0.31	1.19±0.30	0
注：DO. 溶解氧； Chl a. 叶绿素 a ；SS. 悬浮物；COD. 化学需氧量；PO₄-P. 活性磷酸盐；TIN. 总无机氮；SiO₃-Si. 活性硅酸盐。

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表 5 环境因子筛选结果

Tab. 5 Results of the selection on environmental factors

环境因子	2019年		2020年
环境因子	F	p	F	p
SiO₃-Si浓度	6.2	0.008	3.6	0.022
COD	3.3	0.046
温度	4	0.018
Chl a浓度	5.2	0.014
DO浓度			3.4	0.044

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表 6 不同年份夏季舟山海域浮游动物统计

Tab. 6 Statistics of zooplankton in summer of different years in the Zhoushan waters

年份	种类数	丰度/(ind.∙m⁻³ )	生物量/(mg∙m⁻³)	参考文献
2011	70	552.0	487.7	文献[1]
2014	67	143.97	176.34	文献[13]
2016	96	577.9	1124.7	文献[14]
2019	87	3866.6	−	本研究
2020	66	2269.2	−	本研究

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