链状裸甲藻赤潮消亡过程及其与休眠包囊关系的初步研究

李光毅; 刘保清; 邱勇; 黄龙展; 陈竞武

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022148

链状裸甲藻赤潮消亡过程及其与休眠包囊关系的初步研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022148

李光毅^{1, 2, 3,},
刘保清^{2, 3},
邱勇^1, ,,
黄龙展^{2, 3},
陈竞武^{2, 3}

1.
泉州师范学院海洋与食品学院福建省海洋藻类活性物质制备与功能开发重点实验室/近海资源生物技术福建省高校重点实验室，福建泉州 362131
2.
国家海洋局厦门海洋环境监测中心站，福建厦门 361008
3.
泉州海洋环境监测预报中心，福建泉州 362131

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金（2021J05186）；福建省中青年教师教育科研项目（JAT190523）；自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金（MEMRT202104）；泉州市科技计划项目（2017Z035）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李光毅（1993-），男，福建省厦门市人，助理工程师，主要从事海洋生态环境监测工作。E-mail: 1328663241@qq.com

通讯作者:
邱勇（1988-），男，福建省建宁县人，副教授，主要从事海洋生态环境研究。E-mail: qiuyong@qztc.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q949.24
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-26
- 修回日期: 2022-03-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-14
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-15

Preliminary study on the extinction of Gymnodinium catenatum bloom and its relationship with resting cysts

Li Guangyi^{1, 2, 3
,},
Liu Baoqing^{2, 3},
Qiu Yong^{1
, ,},
Huang Longzhan^{2, 3},
Chen Jingwu^{2, 3}

1.
Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Offshore Resource Biotechnology, College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362131, China
2.
Xiamen Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361008, China
3.
Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China

摘要

摘要: 本文对2018年6月10−14日在泉州湾海域发生的一次链状裸甲藻（Gymnodinium catenatum）赤潮的消亡过程进行研究。在现场跟踪监测，共设置4个站位，进行6个航次海洋环境及浮游植物的调查。结合本文对泉州湾海域甲藻包囊的调查研究，探索休眠包囊与赤潮生消过程的关系。研究结果显示，赤潮发生时海况良好，水温和盐度分别介于27.1～28.2℃和29.7～31.4之间，活性磷酸盐和无机氮浓度分别介于未检出至0.045 4 mg/L和0.050～0.281 mg/L之间，赤潮生物密度与营养盐浓度没有呈现显著的相关关系，大风大浪是导致赤潮消亡的重要原因；赤潮消亡过程中共鉴定出浮游植物3门48属100种，硅藻门种类最多；赤潮消亡期间浮游植物群落结构发生变化，前期链状裸甲藻占绝对优势，最高密度达（7.02±0.11）×10⁶ cells/L，后期中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）和旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）代替链状裸甲藻成为优势种，且浮游植物种类数明显增加；同时在泉州湾海域共鉴定甲藻包囊5大类37种和1种未定种，平均丰度为574 cysts/g，以异养型甲藻包囊为主；休眠包囊在赤潮生消过程中起着重要作用，赤潮消亡时形成休眠包囊，包囊数量会随着时间呈下降趋势，但仍有萌发的可能，具有重新暴发赤潮的潜在性，需要引起重视。
- 泉州湾 /
- 链状裸甲藻 /
- 赤潮 /
- 休眠包囊
Abstract: During June 10 to 14, 2018, the extinction of Gymnodinium catenatum bloom in the Quanzhou Bay was studied in this paper. In the field investigation, a total of 4 stations were set up to monitor the marine environment factors and phytoplankton within 6 times. Combined with the investigation of dinoflagellate cysts in the Quanzhou Bay, the relationship of dinoflagellate cysts and the evolution of bloom was explored. The results showed that when the bloom occurred, the sea state was good and the water temperature and salinity were 27.1℃ to 28.2℃ and 29.7 to 31.4 respectively. The concentration of PO₄-P and inorganic nitrogen were between below detectable limit to 0.0454 mg/L and 0.050 mg/L to 0.281 mg/L respectively. There was no significant correlation between the density of bloom biology and nutrients. The strong winds and waves were the important factors for the extinction of bloom. One hundred species belonging to 48 genera and 3 phyla of phytoplankton were identified in the extinction of bloom, and Bacillariophyta was the most phylum. The community structure of phytoplankton changed during the extinction of bloom, Gymnodinium catenatum was the absolute dominant, the maximum density of which reached （7.02±0.11）×10⁶ cells/L. In the declination of the bloom, Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros curvisetus dominated, and the number of phytoplankton species increased significantly. At the same time, 37 species of dinoflagellate cysts in 5 groups and 1 undetermined species were identified in the Quanzhou Bay, and the average abundance of which was 574 cysts/g, mainly dominated by heterotrophic dinoflagellate cysts. The resting cysts played an important role in the evolution of bloom. They occurred when the bloom dissipated and decreased with time. However, they still could germinate and had the potential to re-outbreak and form bloom, which should raise concern.
- Quanzhou Bay /
- Gymnodinium catenatum /
- red tide /
- resting cysts

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图 1 监测站位

Fig. 1 Monitoring stations

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图 2 链状裸甲藻单细胞（a）及链状群体（b）

Fig. 2 Gymnodinium catenatum monoplast (a) and catenoid colony (b)

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图 3 赤潮期间水温和盐度的变化

Fig. 3 Variations of temperature and salinity during red tide

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图 4 赤潮期间pH和DO浓度的变化

Fig. 4 Variations of pH and DO concentration during red tide

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图 5 赤潮期间活性磷酸盐（PO₄-P）浓度的变化

Fig. 5 Variations ofactive phosphate (PO₄-P) concentration during red tide

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图 6 赤潮期间无机氮浓度的变化

Fig. 6 Variations of inorganic nitrogen concentration during red tide

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图 7 泉州湾海域甲藻包囊种类组成

Fig. 7 Species composition of dinoflagellate cysts in the Quanzhou Bay

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图 8 赤潮期间浮游植物种类数的变化

Fig. 8 Variations of phytoplankton species during red tide

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图 9 赤潮期间浮游植物细胞密度及其所占比率的变化

Fig. 9 Variations of phytoplankton cell density and its proportion during red tide

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图 10 泉州湾海域甲藻包囊种类数和丰度的变化

Fig. 10 Variations of species number and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in the Quanzhou Bay

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图 11 链状裸甲藻空包囊（a）和活体包囊（b）

Fig. 11 Gymnodinium catenatum empty cysts（a）and live cysts（b）

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图 12 泉州湾海域链状裸甲藻包囊丰度

Fig. 12 Variations of abundance of Gymnodinium catenatum cysts in the Quanzhou Bay

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