Progress and prospect of bacterial membrane vesicles in marine ecosystem
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摘要: 膜囊泡是一类由细菌释放并携带复杂蛋白质、核酸、信号分子等重要信息物质的生物纳米颗粒，参与了水平基因转移、群体感应、生物膜形成等多种生理生化活动。海洋中的细胞膜囊泡可能是除噬菌体和细菌之外的第三大生物实体，其介导的跨越物种的细胞间通讯对海洋生态系统而言有重要意义。然而，我们对膜囊泡在海洋生物圈中具体的生态角色与生物功能所知甚少。因此，本综述从细菌膜囊泡在海洋微生态、海洋共生体系中的作用及其物质流转对生态系统的影响等方面开展讨论，分析了目前细菌膜囊泡在海洋生态功能研究中尚未解决的科学问题，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。Abstract: Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs), which are a kind of biological nanoparticles carrying proteins, nucleic acids, signaling molecules, and other important compounds, are involved in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes, such as horizontal gene transfer, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and so on. Studies showed that marine extracellular vesicles might be the third largest biological entity except for phages and bacteria. Besides, MVs-mediated intercellular communication across species could be of great significance to marine ecosystems. However, very little is known about the specific ecological role and biological function of MVs in the marine biosphere. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial MVs in marine micro-ecology, marine symbiotic system, and the impact of MVs-mediated material delivery on marine ecosystem. Meanwhile, we also put forward some questions and opinions for study in marine bacterial MVs’ research.
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图 2 2011−2021年发表的海洋细菌膜囊泡领域文献数量
a. 海洋领域膜囊泡文献数量占细菌膜囊泡研究的1.7%；b. 海洋细菌膜囊泡领域的不同研究方向
Fig. 2 Publications in the field of marine bacterial membrane vesicles from 2011 to 2021
a. The number of publications in the field of marine membrane vesicles accounts for 1.7% of the study in bacterial membrane vesicles; b. different research directions in the field of marine bacterial membrane vesicles
图 3 微生物细胞外囊泡在海洋生态系统中扮演的潜在角色
Fig. 3 The potential roles of microbial extracellular vesicles in marine ecosystems
图 4 细菌膜囊泡参与噬菌体与微生物相互作用
a. 细菌膜囊泡作为诱饵诱骗噬菌体；b. 细菌膜囊泡介导细胞间物质交换，促进噬菌体感染
Fig. 4 Bacterial membrane vesicles are involved in phage-bacterial interactions
a. Bacterial membrane vesicles function as decoys for phages; b. bacterial membrane vesicles transfer material between cells and facilitate phage infection
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