Study on the community structure of zooplankton in the sea area near the north operation area in the Lanshan Port of Rizhao Port in spring and autumn
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摘要: 以2015年5月(春季)和10月(秋季)在日照岚山港北作业区邻近海域进行的浮游动物调查数据为例,分析了该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征。调查海域两季共发现浮游动物成体20种,浮游幼虫7类,其中春季成体12种,浮游幼虫4类,秋季成体19种,浮游幼虫6类;春、秋两季调查浮游动物平均丰度分别为128.1 ind./m3、103.3 ind./m3;平均生物量(湿重)分别为1 129.9 mg/m3、954.3 mg/m3;平均多样性指数分别为2.39、2.01;平均丰富度指数分别为0.85、1.21;平均均匀度指数分别为0.87、0.62;春季调查优势种为强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labibocera euchaeta)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa),秋季调查优势种为太平洋纺锤水蚤、小齿海樽(Doliolum denticulatum)、强壮箭虫、真刺唇角水蚤;聚类分析表明,调查海域浮游动物可划分为3个群落。本研究可为深入研究该海域浮游动物群落结构提供重要的基础数据。Abstract: Based on the investigation data of zooplankton in the sea area near the north operation area in the Lanshan Port of Rizhao Port in May (spring) and October (autumn) 2015, the community structure characteristics of zooplankton was analysed in this paper. The results showed that 20 species and 7 taxa of zooplankton were found in the two seasons, including 12 species and 4 taxa in spring and 19 species and 6 taxa in autumn, the average abundance of zooplankton were 128.1 ind./m3 in spring and 103.3 ind./m3 in autumn, the average biomass (wet weight) were 1 129.9 mg/m3 and 954.3 mg/m3, the average Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Margalef’s species richness diversity (D) and Pielou’s evenness index (J) were 2.39, 0.85, 0.87 in spring, respectively, and 2.01, 1.21, 0.62 in autumn, respectively. In spring, the dominant species were Sagitta crassa, Calanus sinicus, Labibocera euchaeta, Acartia pacifica, Pleurobrachia globosa, while in autumn, the dominant species were Acartia pacifica, Doliolum denticulatum, Sagitta crassa, Labibocera euchaeta. Cluster analysis showed that the zooplankton in the investigation area could be divided into three groups. This study could provide important basic data for further study of zooplankton community structure in the coastal waters of Rizhao.
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Key words:
- Lanshan Port of Rizhao Port /
- zooplankton /
- community structure /
- diversity /
- dominant species
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表 1 浮游动物种类名录表
Tab. 1 List of zooplankton species
序号 中文名 拉丁文名或英文名 类群 春季 秋季 1 半球美螅水母 Clytia hemisphaerica 腔肠动物 − + 2 薮枝螅水母 Obelia spp. 腔肠动物 + + 3 黑球真唇水母 Eucheilota menoni 腔肠动物 + + 4 锡兰和平水母 Eirene ceylonensis 腔肠动物 + + 5 瓜水母 Beroe sp. 栉水母 + + 6 球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa 栉水母 + + 7 背针胸刺水蚤 Centropages dorsispinatus 节肢动物 − + 8 瘦尾胸刺水蚤 Centropages tenuiremis 节肢动物 − + 9 双刺唇角水蚤 Labibocera bipinnata 节肢动物 + + 10 太平洋纺锤水蚤 Acartia pacifica 节肢动物 + + 11 汤氏长足水蚤 Calanopia thompsoni 节肢动物 − + 12 近缘大眼剑水蚤 Corycaeus affinis 节肢动物 − + 13 小拟哲水蚤 Paracalanus parvus 节肢动物 − + 14 真刺唇角水蚤 Labibocera euchaeta 节肢动物 + + 15 中华哲水蚤 Calanus sinicus 节肢动物 + + 16 左突唇角水蚤 Labibocera sinilobata 节肢动物 − + 17 强壮箭虫 Sagitta crassa 毛颚动物 + + 18 萨利扭鳃樽 Thalia democratica 尾索动物 + − 19 小齿海樽 Doliolum denticulatum 尾索动物 − + 20 异体住囊虫 Oikopleura dioica 尾索动物 + + 21 桡足类幼体 Copepoda larva 浮游幼虫 − + 22 蔓足类无节幼虫 Nauplius larva(Cirripedia) 浮游幼虫 + − 23 短尾类溞状幼体 Zoea larva(Brachyura) 浮游幼虫 + + 24 多毛类幼体 Polychaeta larva 浮游幼虫 + + 25 腹足类幼体 Gastropoda larva 浮游幼虫 − + 26 海星幼体 Echinopluteus larva 浮游幼虫 − + 27 长尾类幼体 Macrura larva 浮游幼虫 + + 注:+代表出现;−代表未出现。 表 2 浮游动物种类组成
Tab. 2 Taxa composition of zooplankton
类群 春季 秋季 种类数 百分比/% 种类数 百分比/% 节肢动物 4 25 10 40 腔肠动物 3 19 4 16 栉水母 2 13 2 8 毛颚动物 1 6 1 4 尾索动物 2 13 2 8 浮游幼虫 4 25 6 24 合计 16 100 25 100 表 3 浮游动物优势种及其优势度
Tab. 3 Dominant species and its dominances of zooplankton
优势种 春季 秋季 出现频率 优势度指数(Y) 出现频率 优势度指数(Y) 球型侧腕水母 Pleurobrachia globosa 0.70 0.03 − − 中华哲水蚤 Calanus sinicus 1.00 0.24 − − 太平洋纺锤水蚤 Acartia pacifica 0.70 0.05 0.90 0.34 真刺唇角水蚤 Labibocera euchaeta 0.80 0.15 1.00 0.05 强壮箭虫 Sagitta crassa 1.00 0.28 1.00 0.14 小齿海樽 Doliolum denticulatum − − 0.90 0.19 注:−代表未出现。 表 4 调查海域浮游动物多样性指数
Tab. 4 The diversity index of zooplankton in monitoring areas
站位 春季 秋季 多样性指数(H') 均匀度(J) 阈值(Dv) 等级描述 多样性指数(H') 均匀度(J) 阈值(Dv) 等级描述 L02 1.86 0.72 1.3 多样性一般 3.03 0.85 2.6 多样性丰富 L03 2.10 0.81 1.7 多样性较好 1.07 0.38 0.4 多样性差 L06 2.58 0.81 2.1 多样性较好 1.79 0.64 1.1 多样性一般 L07 2.69 0.90 2.4 多样性较好 1.57 0.56 0.9 多样性一般 L09B 2.56 0.81 2.1 多样性较好 1.94 0.56 1.1 多样性一般 L10 2.65 0.95 2.5 多样性较好 0.85 0.33 0.3 多样性差 L12 2.28 0.98 2.2 多样性较好 2.09 0.63 1.3 多样性一般 L13 2.37 0.92 2.2 多样性较好 2.40 0.67 1.6 多样性较好 L14 2.49 0.89 2.2 多样性较好 2.55 0.74 1.9 多样性较好 L15 2.37 0.92 2.2 多样性较好 2.81 0.84 2.4 多样性较好 平均 2.39 0.87 2.1 多样性较好 2.01 0.62 1.4 多样性一般 -
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