Spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of water transparency in the South Yellow Sea
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摘要: 水体透明度（Zsd）是评价水质状况的重要光学参数。本文针对南黄海海域，面向MODIS传感器校正了Zsd遥感反演模型，进而利用MODIS近20年（2002–2020年）数据分析了南黄海Zsd的时空变化特征及其驱动力，结果显示：建立的Zsd反演模型具有良好的精度（决定系数为0.91，均方根误差为1.69 m，平均相对误差绝对值为25.1%）；南黄海Zsd在空间上呈现外海高近岸低的特点、在时间上呈现冬低夏高的季节变化特征，近20年来南黄海中部、南黄海南部、长江口的Zsd均在缓慢增加，而江苏近岸的Zsd呈现出缓慢降低趋势；Zsd受悬浮颗粒物浓度的负向驱动，其影响最大；此外，海表温度和光照强度对Zsd都呈正向驱动，而风速呈负向驱动。Abstract: Water transparency (Zsd) is an important optical parameter for evaluating water quality. This paper tuned a remote sensing model for estimating Zsd from MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) data in the South Yellow Sea. This model was then used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of Zsd in the South Yellow Sea based long-term MODIS data in the past 20 years (2002–2020), and their driving factors were examined. The results show that the Zsd estimation model has good accuracy with R2, root mean square error and mean absolute percent error values of 0.91, 1.69 m and 25.1%, respectively. The Zsd levels are generally high in the offshore but low in the coastal area. Meanwhile, Zsd indicates high values in summer but low values in winter. In the past 20 years, Zsd in the central South Yellow Sea, the southern South Yellow Sea and the Changjiang River Estuary showed slowly increase trends, while Zsd in the Jiangsu coast was decreasing slowly. In general, the Zsd is negatively driven by the concentration of suspended particulate matter, of which the influence is the greatest. In addition, sea surface temperature and solar radiation have positive driving effects on Zsd, while wind speed has negative driving effect.
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Key words:
- water transparency /
- MODIS data /
- South Yellow Sea /
- spatiotemporal variations /
- driving factors
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图 2 水体透明度（Zsd）遥感反演模型的验证
Fig. 2 Verification of water transparency (Zsd) remote sensing inversion model
图 3 南黄海水体透明度（Zsd）的平均值（a）和变异系数（b）
Fig. 3 The mean value (a) and coefficient of variation (b) of water transparency (Zsd) in the South Yellow Sea
图 4 基于MODIS数据的南黄海水体透明度（Zsd）月变化
Fig. 4 Monthly distributions of water transparency (Zsd) in the South Yellow Sea derived from MODIS data
图 5 子区域的水体透明度（Zsd）时间变化箱式图
Fig. 5 Boxplots of temporal variation of water transparency (Zsd) of each sub-area
图 6 子区域的水体透明度（Zsd）年际变化趋势
Fig. 6 Annual trends of water transparency (Zsd) of each sub-area
图 7 各子区域Zsd与光合有效辐射、海表温度、悬浮颗粒物浓度以及风速的相关关系
Fig. 7 Correlation coefficients of Zsd with photosynthetic active radiation, sea surface temperature, total suspended matter and wind speed
表 1 本研究中现场实测数据的相关信息及用途
Tab. 1 Information of field measured data used in this study
数据源 采样时间 测量参数 样本数 用途 子集A 2002年4月、8月和11月 Rrs和Kd 42 校正毛颖等[13]的Kd
遥感反演联合算法2003年3月和9月 Rrs和Kd 156 子集B 2014年5月 Rrs、Kd和Zsd 13 验证评价Zsd的
遥感估算精度2014年11月 Rrs、Kd和Zsd 20 2015年8月 Rrs、Kd和Zsd 10 2016年7月 Rrs、Kd和Zsd 30 注：Rrs表示遥感反射率，Kd表示漫衰减系数，Zsd表示水体透明度。 
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