The genesis, accumulation model and exploration significance of Y gas field in X Sag, East China Sea Basin
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摘要: 本文旨在厘清东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气成因，建立成藏模式，以指导下步勘探部署。本文从天然气组分、烷烃气碳同位素、轻烃、凝析油生物标志化合物等分析入手，系统研究了油气成因类型及来源，并结合构造演化史、生烃史分析，建立了Y气田成藏模式，提出了大中型气田的勘探方向。主要认识如下：（1）天然气组分碳同位素、轻烃和埋藏史分析表明，Y气田天然气为凹中始新统平湖组烃源岩在龙井运动期（距今13 Ma）生成的高成熟煤型气；（2）凝析油姥鲛烷/植烷、规则甾烷等特征，反映了凹中区平湖组烃源岩发育于弱氧化−弱还原潮坪、潟湖沉积环境，生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物；（3）Y气田具有“凹中区平湖组烃源岩、花港组大型水道砂储集体、挤压构造作用”时空耦合的成藏模式，明确了凹中挤压背斜带是X凹陷大中型气田勘探的主攻方向。Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to clarify the genesis of natural gas of Y gas field, and establish accumulation model to guide the next exploration deployment in X Sag, East China Sea Basin. Based on the analyses of natural gas composition, carbon isotope of alkane gas, light hydrocarbon and biomarker compound of condensate oil, this paper systematically studies the genetic types and sources of oil and gas, establishes the reservoir accumulation model of Y large and medium-sized gas field, and puts forward the exploration direction of large and medium-sized gas field. The analyses of carbon isotope, light hydrocarbon and burial history show that the natural gas in Y gas field is highly mature coal type gas generated by the source rocks of middle Eocene Pinghu formation in the sag during the Longjing movement period (13 Ma BP). The characteristics of pristane/phytane and regular sterane of condensate oil reflect that the source rocks of middle Eocene Pinghu formation in the central sag are developed in tidal flat and lagoon sedimentary environment with weak oxidation weak reduction, and there are a certain number of lower aquatic organisms in the hydrocarbon generating parent material. Y gas field has a spatiotemporal coupling reservoir accumulation model of “Pinghu formation source rock, Huagang formation large channel sand reservoir and Mid-Miocene compressional tectonism” in the central sag. It is clear that the compressional anticline belt in the central sag is the main exploration direction of large and medium-sized gas fields in X Sag.
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图 2 X凹陷Y气田轻烃色谱特征
Fig. 2 Chromatographic characteristics of light hydrocarbons of Y gas field in X Sag
图 3 X凹陷烃源岩、凝析油饱和烃甾烷、萜烷特征
Fig. 3 Characteristics of steranes and terpanes of source rocks and condensate oils in X Sag
图 4 X凹陷烃源岩、凝析油主要生标参数指纹对比
Fig. 4 Comparison of main biomarker parameters of source rocks and condensate oils in X Sag
图 5 X凹陷Y气田区实测Ro与深度关系
Fig. 5 The relationship between measured Ro and depth of Y gas field in X Sag
图 7 东海盆地X凹陷“烃源岩、储层、构造作用”耦合的大中型天然气成藏模式
Fig. 7 Large and medium-sized natural gas accumulation model coupled with “source rock, reservoir and tectonism” in X Sag, East China Sea Basin
图 8 东海盆地 X 凹陷西部斜坡带和凹中挤压背斜带平湖组烃源岩品质对比
Fig. 8 Source rock quality of Pinghu formation in west slope compared tocentral structural belt of X Sag，East China Sea Basin
表 1 东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气组分与烷烃气碳同位素特征
Tab. 1 Natural gas composition and carbon isotope characteristics of the Y gas field of X sag in the East China Sea Basin
区带 井号 井段/m 测试层号 地层 天然气组分/% 干燥系数 碳同位素δ13C/‰ C1 C2-5 N2 CO2 C1/ΣC1+ C1 C2 C3 C4 X凹陷凹中
背斜带Y1 3769～3799 DST1 花港组H3b下部 92.98 3.15 1.61 2.15 0.967 −30.9 −24 −24 −23.1 Y1 3709～3739 DST2 花港组H3b中上部 93.49 3.15 1.19 2.04 0.967 −29.8 −23.8 −23.6 −19.1 Y1 3177～3181, 3186～3199 DST4 花港组H1 94.45 3.00 1.47 0.93 0.969 −29.9 −23.5 −22.7 −19.5 Y2 4240～4352 DST1 花港组H5 87.12 5.96 1.45 5.36 0.936 −30.4 −25.3 −23.3 −23.4 Y2 3673～3700 DST2 花港组H3a 92.88 3.16 1.25 2.49 0.967 −27.7 −23.3 −22.7 −22.8 
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表 2 X凹陷Y气田和北部湾等盆地天然气C7轻烃组成
Tab. 2 Compositions of C7 light hydrocarbon serial of natural gas in Y gas field of X Sag and Beibu Gulf Basin
盆地 井名 地层 天然气C7轻烃组成 甲基环己烷
指数甲苯/
苯甲基环己烷
（MCH）含量/%正庚烷
（nC7）含量/%二甲基环戊烷
（ΣDMCP）含量/%东海 Y1 渐新统花
港组71.90 18.30 9.80 0.719 2.7 Y1 70.49 18.06 11.46 0.704 9 2.08 Y2 69.90 18.77 11.33 0.699 2.77 南海北部湾 W1 始新统流
沙港组33.3 25.9 40.7 0.333 * W2 渐新统涠
洲组34.8 30.4 34.8 0.348 * W3 35.71 32.14 32.14 0.357 1 * 鄂尔多斯 榆
211下二叠统
山西组70.4 16.8 12.8 0.704 * 四川 须二
Z2三叠系须
家河组73 15 12 0.73 * 注∶甲基环己烷指数=MCH/（MCH+nC7+ΣDMCP），*表示甲苯/苯比值未知。
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表 3 东海盆地X凹陷烃源岩、凝析油饱和烃色谱−质谱参数表
Tab. 3 Source rocks and condensate chromatographic-mass spectrometry parameter of X Sag in the East China Sea Basin
区带 井号 井段/m 样品
类型地层 Pr/Ph 规则甾烷/
C30藿烷甾烷
C27/%甾烷
C28/%甾烷
C29/%甾烷C27/C29 Ts/Tm 奥利烷/
C30藿烷伽马蜡烷/
C30藿烷西部斜坡带 Y19-6-3 4 359～4 382 凝析油 平湖组中段 7 0.97 21.06 23.20 55.73 0.389 0.26 0.15 / Y25-3-1 3 720 泥岩 平湖组中段 6.35 0.40 20.37 6.33 73.29 0.28 0.16 0.12 / 凹中挤压背斜带 Y1 3 760～3 799 凝析油 花港组上段 3.08 2.39 32.32 26.79 40.89 0.79 0.56 / 0.25 Y31-2 4 442.33～4 442.93 泥岩 平湖组上段 2.18 1.02 40.45 25.07 34.48 1.17 1.10 0.10 0.15
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