Statistical analysis of mesoscale eddies in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
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摘要: 本文利用1993年2月至2016年1月共23年的中尺度涡数据，对印度洋–太平洋暖池区（即印–太暖池区，15°S～15°N，60°E～170°W）中尺度涡的生命周期、振幅和半径等属性特征以及生命周期内各参数的演变特征进行了统计分析，并研究了印–太暖池区中尺度涡生成个数的季节变化规律及与厄尔尼诺循环的关系。结果表明：印–太暖池区大部分中尺度涡存在生命周期短、非线性、向西移动的特征；气旋涡与反气旋涡各参数的统计特征及其在生命周期内的变化趋势较为相似；印–太暖池区中尺度涡生成个数不具有明显的季节变化，并且会受到厄尔尼诺–南方涛动事件的影响。Abstract: Based on mesoscale eddy dataset from February 1993 to January 2016, the distribution characteristics and evolution processes of mesoscale eddies in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (15º S~15º N, 60º E~170º W), and its seasonal variation and relationship with ENSO are statistically analyzed in this paper. It shows that most mesoscale eddies in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool are short-lived and nonlinear, and propagate westward. The study also finds that the distribution characteristics of cyclonic eddies and anticyclone eddies are similar, and so do their variation trends over the eddy lifecycle. The seasonal numbers of mesoscale eddies vary insignificantly in the whole domain and are affected by ENSO in the meanwhile.
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图 1 热带印度洋–西太平洋多年（1993年1月至2019年12月）海表温度大于28.5℃的海域
Fig. 1 The sea domain with sea surface temperature larger than 28.5℃ in the tropical Indian Ocean-western Pacific Ocean from January 1993 to December 2019
图 2 印度洋–太平洋暖池区中尺度涡生命周期分布特征
a. 生命周期频率分布；b. 短周期、中周期和长周期涡旋百分比；c. 短周期、中周期和长周期中尺度涡生成个数的空间分布（从上到下：短周期、中周期、长周期）
Fig. 2 Statistical characteristics of mesoscale eddy lifetime in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
a. Frequency distribution of mesoscale eddy lifetime; b. percentage of mesoscale eddies with short, medium and long lifetime; c. spatial distribution of mesoscale eddies with short, medium and long lifetime (from top to bottom: short lifetime, medium lifetime and long lifetime)
图 3 印度洋−太平洋暖池区中尺度涡振幅与半径分布特征
Fig. 3 Statistical characteristics of amplitude and radius of mesoscale eddy in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
图 4 印度洋−太平洋暖池区气旋涡（a）和反气旋涡（b）非线性程度频率分布
Fig. 4 Frequency distribution of nonlinearity of cyclones (a) and anticyclones (b) in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
图 5 印度洋–太平洋暖池区中尺度涡运动学参数分布特征
Fig. 5 Statistical characteristics of mesoscale eddy kinematic parameters in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
图 6 印度洋–太平洋暖池区中尺度涡移动速度（a，c）和移动距离（b，d）分布特征
a. 气旋涡移动速度频率分布；b. 气旋涡同起点轨迹图；c. 反气旋涡移动速度频率分布；d. 反气旋涡同起点轨迹图
Fig. 6 Statistical characteristics of propagation speed (a, c) and trajectories (b, d) of mesoscale eddy in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
a. Frequency distribution of propagation speed of cgclones; b. trajectories of the same starting point of cyclones; c. frequerncy distribution of propagation speed of anticyclones; d. trajectories of the same starting point of anticyclones
图 7 印度洋−太平洋暖池区中尺度涡参数在生命周期内的演变特征
Fig. 7 Evolution characteristics of mesoscale eddy parameters over lifecycle in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
图 8 印度洋–太平洋暖池区中尺度涡生成个数季节变化
a. 中尺度涡逐月生成数量；b. 中尺度涡生成数量空间分布的季节变化（从上到下依次为春、夏、秋、冬）
Fig. 8 Seasonal variation of mesoscale eddy in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
a. Monthly number of mesoscale eddies; b. seasonal spatial distribution of mesoscale eddies (from top to bottom: spring, summer, autumn and winter)
图 9 印度洋–太平洋暖池区中尺度涡生成个数异常值在厄尔尼诺（a）及拉尼娜（b）事件中的变化
Fig. 9 Variation of anomaly number of mesoscale eddy in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during El Niño (a) and La Niña (b)
表 1 印度洋–太平洋暖池区中尺度涡参数的统计平均值
Tab. 1 Statistical mean values of mesoscale eddy parameters in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
参数 气旋涡 反气旋涡 生命周期/周 6.53 6.27 振幅/cm 2.86 2.42 半径/km 90.88 84.50 非线性 2.65 2.49 移动速度/(cm·s−1) 14.52 14.67 相对涡度/(10−6 s−1) 1.09 1.08 剪切变形率/(10−8 s−1) –4.71 9.03 延伸变形率/(10−8 s−1) 6.78 –5.68 散度/(10−8 s−1) 1.43 –1.46 
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