涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚的群落结构特征分析

梁文; 周浩郎; 王欣; 黄荣永; 余克服

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021150

涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚的群落结构特征分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021150

梁文^1,,
周浩郎^1, ,,
王欣¹,
黄荣永^{2, 3},
余克服^{2, 3}

1.
广西科学院广西红树林研究中心广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室，广西北海 536000
2.
广西大学广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室，广西南宁 530004
3.
广西大学珊瑚礁研究中心，广西南宁 530004

基金项目: 广西重点研发计划（桂科AB19245045）；国家自然科学基金（41766007）

详细信息

作者简介:
梁文（1967—），男，广西壮族自治区北海市人，副研究员，从事海洋地质、热带典型生态系统研究。E-mail：gx.lw@163.com

通讯作者:
周浩郎（1962—），男，研究员，主要从事海洋生物和海洋生物多样性研究。E-mail：zhouhaolang@sina.com

中图分类号: P737.2；P745
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-22
- 修回日期: 2021-07-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-31

Studies on scleractinian coral community structure characteristics in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

Liang Wen^1
,,
Zhou Haolang^{1
, ,},
Wang Xin¹,
Huang Rongyong^{2, 3},
Yu Kefu^{2, 3}

1.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai 536000, China
2.
Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
3.
Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

摘要

摘要: 采用2019年5月14−22日开展的断面法调查数据，分析了涠洲岛西南部海域的造礁石珊瑚群落结构特征。结果表明：涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚共有9科38种，优势种为滨珊瑚(Porites sp.)、秘密角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites abdita)、斯氏角孔珊瑚(Goniopora stutchburyi)等团块状珊瑚。活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率为5.20%～31.20%，平均值为16.66%，远离海岸或靠近海岸但水较深的站位覆盖率较高。石珊瑚补充量较低、病害少、死亡率较低。造礁石珊瑚群落的物种多样性、优势度、均匀度互相呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05)。靠近岩壁的站位，水较深且船舶通行和游客潜水等影响较少，活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率和多样性程度均较高。受侵蚀海岸悬浮泥沙和潜水旅游影响较大的砂质岸段站位，活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率最低、优势种的优势度最高、多样性程度相对较低。人为活动、西南季风、风暴潮、海岸侵蚀悬沙、极端气候是影响涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚礁生态系统的主要因素。
- 涠洲岛 /
- 造礁石珊瑚 /
- 群落结构 /
- 种类多样性
Abstract: The community structure of scleractinian corals in the southwest seawaters the of the Weizhou Island was analyzed with the data collected in a survey conducted with the method of line intercept transect from May 14 to 22, 2019. The results showed that 38 species of scleractinian corals in 9 families were found, dominated by mass corals such as porites sp., favites abdita, goniopora stutchburyi etc. The coverage of the living scleractinian corals ranged from 5.20% to 31.20%, the average coverage were 16.66%, higher at the sites far from or close to the shore but with deeper water. The living scleractinian coral had low recruitment rate, few diseases and low mortality rate. Species diversity, dominance and evenness of the scleractinian coral communities were positively correlated one another (p<0.05). The coverage and biodiversity of the living scleractinian corals were higher at the sites where anthropogenic disturbance was less, i.e. closer to the cliff, deeper water, fewer boating and diving etc. The living scleractinian corals closer to sandy beach influenced severely by suspended sediment on eroded coast and diving had the lowest coverage, the highest dominance of the dominant species and relatively lower diversity. Human activities, southwest monsoon, storm surge, suspended sediment on eroded coast and extreme weather are the main influential factors on the coral reef ecosystem in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island.
- Weizhou Island /
- scleractinian /
- community structure /
- species diversity

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图 1 涠洲岛西南部活造礁石珊瑚调查站位

Fig. 1 Survey stations of scleractinian coral in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

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图 2 涠洲岛西南部海域调查区域5个形态类群造礁石珊瑚种类数量分布

Fig. 2 Distributions of the 5 types characteristics scleractinian corals in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

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图 3 涠洲岛西南部海域活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率分布状况

Fig. 3 Distributions of average coverage of scleractinian corals in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

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图 4 涠洲岛西南部海域各站位造礁石珊瑚补充量

Fig. 4 Coral complement of scleractinian corals at the survey stations in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

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图 5 涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚调查站位物种多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数的变化

Fig. 5 Change of Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson’s diversity index and Pielon of sclerotiniam corals at the survey stations in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

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表 1 涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚群落区造礁石珊瑚名录

Tab. 1 List of scleractinian coral species and the types in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

造礁石珊瑚	本研究	形态类型
鹿角珊瑚科Acroporidae
霜鹿角珊瑚Acropora pruinosa	+	分枝状
膨胀蔷薇珊瑚Montipora turgescens	+	皮壳状
菌珊瑚科Agariciidae
叶形牡丹珊瑚Pavona frondifera	+	叶片状
十字牡丹珊瑚Pavona decussata	+	叶片状
滨珊瑚科Poritidae
橙黄滨珊瑚Porites lutea	+	团块状
团块滨珊瑚Porites lobata	+	团块状
滨珊瑚Porites sp.	+	团块状
斯氏角孔珊瑚Goniopora stutchburyi	+	团块状
二异角孔珊瑚Goniopora duofasciata	+	团块状
柱角孔珊瑚Goniopora columna	+	团块状
枇杷珊瑚科Oculinidae
稀杯盔形珊瑚Galaxea astreata	+	团块状
裸肋珊瑚科Merulinidae
阔裸肋珊瑚Merulina ampliata	+	皮壳状
腐蚀刺柄珊瑚Hydnophora exesa	+	皮壳状
蜂巢珊瑚科Faviidae
黄廯蜂巢珊瑚Favia favus	+	团块状
标准蜂巢珊瑚Favia speciosa	+	团块状
翘齿蜂巢珊瑚Favia matthaii	+	团块状
圆突蜂巢珊瑚Favia veroni	+	团块状
带刺蜂巢珊瑚Favia stelligera	+	团块状
蜂巢珊瑚Favia sp.	+	团块状
秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	+	团块状
中国角蜂巢珊瑚Favites chinensis	+	团块状
五边角蜂巢珊瑚Favites pentagona	+	团块状
多弯角蜂巢珊瑚Favites stylifera	+	团块状
板叶角蜂巢珊瑚Favites complanata	+	团块状
海孔角蜂巢珊瑚Favites halicora	+	团块状
角蜂巢珊瑚Favites sp.	+	团块状
多孔同星珊瑚Plesiastrea versipora	+	团块状
同星珊瑚Plesiastrea sp.	+	团块状
梳状菊花珊瑚Goniastrea pectinata	+	团块状
网状菊花珊瑚Goniastrea retiformis	−	团块状
精巧扁脑珊瑚Platygyra daedalea	+	团块状
交替扁脑珊瑚Platygyra crosslandi	+	团块状
扁脑珊瑚Platygyra sp.	+	团块状
紫小星珊瑚Leptastrea purpurea	+	团块状
褶叶珊瑚科Mussidae
棘星珊瑚Acanthastrea echinata	+	团块状
伞房叶状珊瑚Lobophyllia corymbosa	+	团块状
叶状珊瑚Lobophyllia sp.	+	团块状
梳状珊瑚科Pectiniidae	−	−
粗糙刺叶珊瑚Echinophyllia aspera	+	板状
木珊瑚科Dendrophyllidae	−	−
盾形陀螺珊瑚Turbinaria peltata	+	板状
注：“+”表示调查到该种，“−”表示该种没有被发现。

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表 2 涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚群落优势种及其优势度

Tab. 2 The dominant species and its dominance of scleractinian coral species in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

站位	优势种	优势度/%
1#-2	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	36.08
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	24.74
	斯氏角孔珊瑚Goniopora stutchburyi	13.40
3#-2	斯氏角孔珊瑚Goniopora stutchburyi	31.43
	叶状珊瑚Lobophyllia sp.	26.67
	翘齿蜂巢珊瑚Favia matthaii	11.43
4#-2	交替扁脑珊瑚Platygyra crosslandi	21.79
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	21.15
	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	15.38
	多弯角蜂巢珊瑚Favites stylifera	14.10
5#-2	斯氏角孔珊瑚Goniopora stutchburyi	63.41
	叶状珊瑚Lobophyllia sp.	9.76
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	8.54
7#-2	斯氏角孔珊瑚Goniopora stutchburyi	48.15
	叶状珊瑚Lobophyllia sp.	24.07
	二异角孔珊瑚Goniopora duofasciata	12.96
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	12.96
9#-2	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	76.92
11#-2	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	53.01
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	15.66
	标准蜂巢珊瑚Favia speciosa	10.84
13#-2	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	54.47
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	17.89
	多孔同星珊瑚Plesiastrea versipora	13.01
15#-2	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	32.35
	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	29.41
17#-2	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	35.00
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	22.50
	标准蜂巢珊瑚Favia speciosa	12.50
19#-2	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	45.00
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	19.00
21#-2	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	32.61
	紫小星珊瑚Leptastrea purpurea	19.57
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	15.22
	多弯角蜂巢珊瑚Favites stylifera	15.22
23#-2	滨珊瑚Porites sp.	19.55
	盾形陀螺珊瑚Turbinaria peltata	14.77
	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚Favites abdita	12.50
	二异角孔珊瑚Goniopora duofasciata	10.23
	角蜂巢珊瑚Favites sp.	10.23

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表 3 涠洲岛西南部海域调查站位不同形态类群比例（%）

Tab. 3 Proportion (%) of different types of groups at the survey stations in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

站位编号	团块状	板状	皮壳状	叶片状	分枝状
1#-2	97.94	1.03	0	1.03	0
3#-2	95.24	0	4.76	0	0
4#-2	95.51	1.28	3.21	0	0
5#-2	97.53	2.47	0	0	0
7#-2	100	0	0	0	0
9#-2	96.15	0	0	3.85	0
11#-2	91.57	2.41	1.21	1.21	3.61
13#-2	94.31	3.25	0	2.44	0
15#-2	91.18	1.47	1.47	4.41	1.47
17#-2	92.50	7.50	0	0	0
19#-2	88	2	6	2	2
21#-2	93.48	0	6.52	0	0
23#-2	76.14	14.77	7.96	0	1.14

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表 4 涠洲岛西南部海域活造礁石珊瑚死亡率、病害状况

Tab. 4 The mortality and disease of the scleractinian corals in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

站位编号	病害/%	1 a内死亡率/%	1 a以上死亡率/%	水深/m
1#-2	0	0	0	6.81
3#-2	0	0	0	5.94
4#-2	0	0.20	0	4.36
5#-2	0	0.40	0	2.16
7#-2	0	0.40	0	4.79
9#-2	0	0	1	1.04
11#-2	0	0.40	1	2.81
13#-2	0	0	0.40	1.71
15#-2	0	0	0.20	5.89
17#-2	0.20（白化）	0.20	0	2.28
19#-2	0	0.40	0	2.50
21#-2	0	0.41	0	3.82
23#-2	0	0.21	0.64	3.24

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表 5 涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚补充量种类

Tab. 5 The species of coral complement of scleractinian corals in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

种类（属）	调查样方		珊瑚幼体
种类（属）	出现数量	出现频次/%	个体数量	个体密度/（ind.·m⁻²）
角孔珊瑚	21	8.24	31	1.95
角蜂巢珊瑚	12	4.71	14	0.88
滨珊瑚	4	1.57	5	0.31
陀螺珊瑚	1	0.39	1	0.06
牡丹珊瑚	1	0.39	1	0.06
扁脑珊瑚	2	0.78	2	0.13
刺孔珊瑚	1	0.39	1	0.06
蜂巢珊瑚	1	0.39	1	0.06
合计	43	16.86	56	3.51

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表 6 涠洲岛西南部海域各站位造礁石珊瑚物种多样性指数

Tab. 6 The Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson's diversity index and Pielou of the scleractinian corals at the survey stations in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

站位	物种多样性指数	优势度指数	均匀度指数
1#-2	1.8796	0.7816	0.4109
3#-2	1.9072	0.8020	0.4098
4#-2	2.1368	0.8513	0.4231
5#-2	1.3904	0.5756	0.3155
7#-2	1.2983	0.6763	0.3255
9#-2	0.8470	0.3935	0.2600
11#-2	1.5701	0.6744	0.3553
13#-2	1.4257	0.6492	0.2963
15#-2	1.9513	0.7902	0.4624
17#-2	1.8355	0.7938	0.4976
19#-2	1.8631	0.7446	0.4046
21#-2	1.7915	0.8006	0.4679
23#-2	2.2270	0.8487	0.4974

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