南流江河口桐花树生物动力地貌过程研究

王日明; 戴志军; 黄鹄; 龙楚琪; 梁喜幸; 黎树式

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021108

南流江河口桐花树生物动力地貌过程研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021108

1.
北部湾大学广西北部湾海岸科学与工程实验室/钦州市环境生态修复重点实验室，广西钦州 535011
2.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200062

基金项目: 国家自然科学重点基金（41930537）；广西重点研发计划（桂科AB21076016）；广西自然科学基金（桂科AD19245158）；钦州市科学研究与技术开发计划项目（2060499）

详细信息

作者简介:
王日明（1971-），男，湖南省邵阳市人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为滨海景观生态修复。E-mail：wangriming@bbgu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
戴志军，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为河海相互作用及生物动力地貌过程。E-mail：zjdai@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P737.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-23
- 修回日期: 2021-03-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-27
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-25

Research on bio-morphodynamic processes of Aegiceras corniculatum in the Nanliu River Estuary

1.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Engineering/Qinzhou Key Laboratory for Eco-Restoration of Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

摘要

摘要: 桐花树作为红树林种群的先锋植物，其发育扩展和立地潮滩地貌变化的耦合过程是红树林生物动力地貌及生态修复研究关注的核心内容之一。本文基于2005−2019年高分辨率遥感影像、2019年10月至2020年10月的桐花树潮滩逐月沉沙量及其种群样方统计等资料，分析桐花树在南流江河口潮滩的变化特征及其与桐花树种群扩张的耦合机制。结果表明：(1)南流江河口堤外潮滩是桐花树种群的主要立地区，成年、幼年及胚胎桐花树呈带状依次出现在高潮滩、中潮滩及平均海平面附近。以平均海平面为基面，南流江河口高程为0.07 m的潮滩为桐花树一年生幼苗生长极限位置；(2)南流江河口桐花树自西北向东南快速向海扩张的格局与潮滩向海淤积前展维持一致，潮滩滩位升高成为宜林滩地是桐花树向海扩张的基础；(3)桐花树种群的消浪作用减缓水动力强度，促进泥沙在潮滩沉积，由此加速潮滩发育；低潮滩淤涨为中潮滩、高潮滩，为桐花树种群扩张提供立地条件，促进种群发育扩张。
- 潮滩发育 /
- 种群扩张 /
- 桐花树 /
- 生物动力地貌 /
- 南流江河口
Abstract: Aegiceras corniculatum is one of the pioneering mangroves. The coupling process involving A. corniculatum development and tidal flat geomorphological evolution is one of the core contents of mangrove bio-morphodynamic and ecological restoration research. Based on high-resolution remote sensing images between 2005−2019, monthly sediment and A. corniculatum population samples from October 2019 to October 2020, the variation characteristics of A. corniculatum distributed over the tidal flat of the Nanliu River Estuary were analyzed. Meanwhile, the coupling mechanism between the morphological changes of tidal flat erosion/accretion and the population expansion of A. corniculatum was discerned. The main results can be shown as follows: (1) it is found that the main grown area of A. corniculatum is the outer sides of the levees of Nanliu River Estuary. The distribution of the adult, youth and embryos of A. corniculatum presented bandy features along the high tidal flat, middle tidal flat and the area near mean sea level, respectively. Furtherly, tidal flat elevation of 0.07 m above the mean sea level is the growth limit of annual seedling. (2) A. corniculatum of the Nanliu River Estuarine flat expanded rapidly from northwest to southeast, which is in coincidence with development tendency of tidal flat. Tidal flat height is elevated with possibility for mangrove habitation, which should be necessary for A. corniculatum promoted seaward progradation. (3) A. corniculatum that induced wave attenuation can mitigate hydrodynamics forcing with benefit to tidal flat sedimentation, which can furtherly have tidal flat accreted seaward. Moreover, the low tidal flat can be elevated into the middle-high tidal flat by silting, which provides growth and development conditions for A. corniculatum.
- tidal flat development /
- population expansion /
- Aegiceras corniculatum /
- bio-morphodynamic process /
- Nanliu River Estuary

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图 1 研究区域和观测位置

a. 南流江河口；b. 观测位置；c. 观测点断面图；①干流河口；②木案江河口；③叉陇江河口；④针鱼墩河口；⑤尿燕子河口；A−D. 干流河口江心洲；E. 七星岛尾堤外浅滩；F. 木案堤外浅滩；G. 针鱼墩堤外浅滩；H. 尿燕子河口浅滩

Fig. 1 Research area and observation stations

a. Nanliu River Estuary; b. observation stations; c. cross-section of observation site; ① the mainstream estuary; ② Muan River Estuary; ③ Chalong River Estuary; ④ Zhenyudun Estuary; ⑤ Niaoyanzi Estuary; A−D. the central bar of the mainstream estuary; E. the outside shoal of the Qixingdao tail dyke; F. the outside shoal of the Muan dyke; G. the outside shoal of the Zhenyudun dyke; H. the shoal of the Niaoyanzi Estuary

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图 2 2005‒2019年南流江河口潮滩淤积状态

A−D. 干流河口江心洲；E. 七星岛尾堤外浅滩；F. 木案堤外浅滩；G. 针鱼墩堤外浅滩；H. 尿燕子河口浅滩

Fig. 2 The tidal flat accretion status in the Nanliu River Estuary from 2005 to 2019

A−D. The central bar of the mainstream estuary; E. the outside shoal of the Qixingdao tail dyke; F. the outside shoal of the Muan dyke; G. the outside shoal of the Zhenyudun dyke; H. the shoal of the Niaoyanzi Estuary

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图 3 站点沉沙量与侵蚀量

a. 累积沉沙量；b. 月净沉沙量

Fig. 3 Amounts of both deposition and erosion at the observation sites

a. Cumulative amounts in deposition; b. the monthly net amounts in deposition

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图 4 沉积物颗粒组成

Fig. 4 The composition in sediments of the tidal flat

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图 5 2005‒2019年南流江河口桐花树种群分布变化过程

a. 2005年桐花树分布；b. 2009年桐花树分布；c. 2013年桐花树分布；d. 2017年桐花树分布；e. 2019年桐花树分布；f. 2005‒2019年桐花树分布重心转移

Fig. 5 The variations in population distribution of Aegiceras corniculatum in the Nanliu River Estuary from 2005 to 2019

a. Aegiceras corniculatum population distribution in 2005; b. A. corniculatum population distribution in 2009; c. A. corniculatum population distribution in 2013; d. A. corniculatum population distribution in 2017; e. A. corniculatum population distribution in 2019; f. weight transformation in A. corniculatum distribution from 2005 to 2019

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图 6 2005‒2019年南流江河口潮滩桐花树面积变化

A‒D. 干流河口江心洲；E. 七星岛尾堤外浅滩；F. 木案堤外浅滩；G. 针鱼墩堤外浅滩；H. 尿燕子河口浅滩

Fig. 6 The area changes of Aegiceras corniculatum in the Nanliu River Estuary from 2005 to 2019

A‒D. The central bar of the mainstream estuary; E. the outside shoal of the Qixingdao tail dyke; F. the outside shoal of the Muan dyke; G. the outside shoal of the Zhenyudun dyke; H. the shoal of the Niaoyanzi Estuary

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图 7 桐花树宜林滩地前缘种群扩张样方

2020年10月19日，统计样方内的二年生桐花树小苗、一年生小苗及尚未发育为植株的胚胎

Fig. 7 Population expansion quadrate in front of the suitable flat for Aegiceras corniculatum appropriate forest beach

The biennial, annual seedlings and embryos undeveloped into seedlings for Aegiceras corniculatum were counted in October 19, 2020

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图 8 潮滩桐花树种群扩张

Fig. 8 The population expansion of Aegiceras corniculatum over the tidal flat

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图 9 南流江河口桐花树潜在发育区

Fig. 9 Potential development region of Aegiceras corniculatum in the Nanliu River Estuary

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表 1 2005‒2019年南流江河口潮滩面积变化

Tab. 1 Changes in tidal flat areas in the Nanliu River Estuary from 2005 to 2019

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	合计
2005潮滩面积/hm²	5.20	8.90	18.86	5.81	176.34	655.74	258.14	1 000.05	2 129.04
2019潮滩面积/hm²	5.60	13.50	19.65	5.93	832.71	1 422.19	604.85	1 658.41	4 562.84
年增长百分比/%	0.53	3.02	0.29	0.15	11.73	5.89	6.27	3.68	5.60
面积增长量/hm²	0.40	4.60	0.79	0.12	656.37	766.45	346.71	658.36	2 433.80
注：A−D为干流河口江心洲；E为七星岛尾堤外浅滩；F为木案堤外浅滩；G为针鱼墩堤外浅滩；H为尿燕子河口浅滩。

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