Numerical simulation of the migration path during the growth period of Ulva prolifera in the sea near northern Jiangsu and the thermohaline environment
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摘要: 基于已验证的有限体积海岸海洋模型(FVCOM)和拉格朗日粒子离线追踪模块，模拟了潮、风、环流、温盐、波等外界强迫不同组合下苏北海域水面粒子的5种运移路径，通过实际漂流瓶轨迹验证，并进行路径间的差异与对应单强迫流场对比研究，探讨发端于苏北的浒苔运移路径及其影响因素。结果表明：浒苔运移路径先沿着苏北沿岸向北运移至废黄河口附近海域，之后向东北方向偏转继续运移，一直到山东半岛南部海域；影响苏北浒苔运移路径的外界强迫主要是风，其次是温盐、波浪、环流，潮流可以引起浒苔在局地的旋转往复运动，不能使其向北远距离漂移。漂流期间，苏北沿岸海域表层温度为18～24℃、盐度为28～31，温盐条件在浒苔最宜生长条件范围，是浒苔能边漂移边大面积暴发的原因之一。Abstract: A high resolution numerical model based on a proven FVCOM with a Lagrangian particle tracking module was introduced to simulate water particle movement under differences controlling conditions, including the tide, wind, boundary circulation flow, temperature, salinity, wave coupling etc. Combined with simulate results and the actual drift bottles movement paths, factors influencing Ulva prolifera were discussed. The results showed that the migration path of U. prolifera firstly migrated northward along the coast of northern Jiangsu to the sea area near the abandoned Huanghe River
Estuary and then continued its migration to the sea area south of Shandong Peninsula. The external forces that affecting the migration of U. prolifera is mainly wind. It is an order of magnitude higher than anything else and followed by temperature-salinity, wave, tidal, circulation, the tidal current can cause the cyclic movement of U. prolifera in the local area, and it has no influence on Enteromorpha for drifting to the north more distant. During the simulation period, the surface temperature, salinity of drifting sea area were between 18−24℃, 28−31, respectively. These temperature and salinity conditions are close to the most suitable growth conditions of U. prolifera, indicating that U. prolifera would fast reproduce during its drifting. -
图 2 研究区网格布设及验证站位
蓝色三角形为网格；红色点为验证站点；红色字体为站位名称
Fig. 2 Research area with grid layout and verification stations
The blue triangles stand for grids; the red dots are the verification sites; the red fonts are the station names
图 3 实验室水槽中漂流瓶（a）及其投放位置（b）
Fig. 3 Drifting bottles in the lab tank (a) and their the origin sites (b)
图 5 研究区2018年5月25日至7月9日每日平均风速风向
Fig. 5 The chart of daily mean wind speed and direction in the study areas during May 25 to July 9, 2018
6 S1站流速、水位、温度、盐度（a−d），B3、S2站波高、波周期（e−f），大丰站、斗龙站水位（i−j），V3、V6站位流速、流向验证（k−l）模拟值与实测值对比
u、v的绝对值大小代表流速的大小；u、v的正负代表流向；正值u（红色）代表向东的方向；负值u（蓝色）代表向西的方向；正值v（红色）代表向北的方向；负值v（蓝色）代表向南的方向
6 Comparison graphes of simulated results and the in situ measured values of flow velocity, water level, temperature and salinity of S1 Station (a−d), wave heights and wave periods of B3 and S2 stations (e−f), water level of Dafeng and Doulong stations (i−j), flow velocity and direction of V3 and V6 stations (k−l)
The absolute values of u and v represent the velocity of flow; the positive and negative values of u and v represent the flow direction; positive u (red) stands for the direction to the east; minus u (blue) represents the direction to the west; positive v (red) is the direction to the north; minus v (blue) is the direction to the south
图 7 黄、渤海2月、8月表层和底层平均流场（a1、a2）、温度场（b1、b2）、盐度场（c1、c2）
Fig. 7 The average flow fields (a1, a2), temperature fields (b1, b2）and salinity fields (c1, c2）of the bottom and surface of the study area in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea during February and August
图 8 实验5的模拟表层流场(a)、盐度(b)、温度(c)和路径图(d−f)
Fig. 8 The sea surface flow (a), salinity (b), temperature (c) and water particles paths (d−f) from the simulation map of the fifth experiment
图 9 各流场（a1−a5）及其对应的水面粒子模拟路径（b1−b5）
Fig. 9 Flow fields (a1−a5) under various external forces and its corresponding simulated particle paths (b1−b5)
图 10 潮（a）、风（b）、温盐（c）、环流（d）、波（e）等单一外强迫影响的流场图
Fig. 10 Single external force induced flow fields of tidal (a), wind (b), temperreture and salinity (c), circulation (d), and wave (e)
图 11 漂流区（b）及其对应的漂流期表层平均温盐分布（a, c）
Fig. 11 The drifting zones (b) and their corresponding mean surface salinity, temperature (a, c) during drift period
表 1 实验外界强迫配置
Tab. 1 The outside forces configuration of experiments
实验 时间步长/s 模拟时长/h 温盐 潮 风 波浪 环流 实验1 （潮） 6 1 300 初始场+河流径流 真实 / / / 实验2 （潮+风） 6 1 300 初始场+河流径流 真实 真实 / / 实验3 （潮+风+温盐） 6 1 300 初始场+计算温盐+河流径流 真实 真实 / / 实验4 （潮+风+环流+温盐） 6 1 300 初始场+计算温盐+河流径流 真实 真实 / 真实 实验5 （潮+风+环流+温盐+波流耦合） 6 1 300 初始场+计算温盐+河流径流 真实 真实 波流耦合 真实 实验6 （纯潮） 6 1 300 无初始场 真实 / / / 注：/代表未施加外界强迫。 
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表 2 单一外界强迫下的流场、余流及其对应的模拟实验对应表
Tab. 2 Table showing single external force induced flow fields, residual flow fields and their corresponding experiments
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表 3 浒苔漂移时段经过的不同海域对应的海表温度、盐度时段表层及浒苔最宜生长温盐表
Tab. 3 Temperature and salinity of the drift region surface average and Ulva prolirera grow most suitable
漂流区 平均温度/℃ 浒苔最适宜温度/℃ 平均盐度 浒苔最适宜盐度 A 19～21 14～27 28～31 26～32 B 18～23 14～27 29～30 26～32 C 20～24 14～27 30～31 26～32
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