珠江口盆地−琼东南盆地深水区新生代构造沉积演化对比分析

谢辉; 周蒂; 石红才; 李元平; 孔德明

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021055

珠江口盆地−琼东南盆地深水区新生代构造沉积演化对比分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021055

谢辉^{1, 2,},
周蒂²,
石红才^1, ,,
李元平³,
孔德明¹

1.
广东海洋大学广东省近海海洋环境变化与灾害预警重点实验室，广东湛江 524088
2.
中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室，广东广州 510301
3.
中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司，广东深圳 518054

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41606065，41704085）；广东省自然科学基金（2016A030310331）；中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室开放基金（MSGL15-02）；广东海洋大学博士启动基金项目；广东海洋大学海洋科学科研团队项目（002026002004）

详细信息

作者简介:
谢辉(1987-)，男，江西省抚州市人，博士，讲师，主要从事大陆边缘构造与盆地分析研究。E-mail：xiehuihaoba@163.com

通讯作者:
石红才(1984-)，男，湖北省咸宁市人，博士，讲师，主要从事构造地质与地热学研究。E-mail：hcshi@scsio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P736
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-01
- 修回日期: 2020-01-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-23

Comparative study on the Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution in the deep water areas of the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin and the Qiongdongnan Basin

Xie Hui^{1, 2
,},
Zhou Di²,
Shi Hongcai^{1
, ,},
Li Yuanping³,
Kong Deming¹

1.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Chinese Academy of Sicences, Guangzhou 510301, China
3.
CNOOC China Limited, Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen 518054, China

摘要

摘要: 南海北部陆缘记录了南海形成演化的历史，但是其新生代构造沉积演化特征在东段和西段的差异及其原因目前还不太清楚。本文分别在珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地的深水区选择了数口构造地理位置相似的井通过精细地层回剥分析，重建了两沉积盆地的沉积速率和沉降速率并结合前人研究成果进行了对比分析。研究结果发现，两沉积盆地在裂陷期的沉积和沉降特征基本相似，但是两者在裂后期的构造沉积演化特征差异明显。珠江口盆地深水区沉积和沉降速率都表现为幕式变化特征，其中沉积速率表现为“两快三慢”的特征而沉降速率表现为“两快一慢”的特征。琼东南盆地深水区的沉积速率表现为“地堑式”变化特征，但是沉降速率表现为“台阶式”上升的变化特征。琼东南盆地“台阶式”上升的沉降速率推测主要是受到海南地幔柱伴随红河断裂的右旋走滑而向西北漂移的影响，这也与南海西北部的岩浆活动以及周围盆地的沉降特征吻合。红河断裂在2.1 Ma BP的右旋走滑控制了琼东南盆地1.8 Ma BP以来的快速沉积和加速沉降分布。
- 珠江口盆地 /
- 琼东南盆地 /
- 深水区 /
- 构造演化 /
- 沉积演化 /
- 对比分析
Abstract: The formation and evolution of the South China Sea is well recorded in the northern continental margin. But the discrepancies of the tectonic and sedimentary evolution between the west and east of the northern margin are still enigmatic. Several drilling and simulation wells with analogous geological setting are chosen from the deep water areas of the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin and the Qiongdongnan Basin. Based on backstripping and previous studies, high resolution sedimentation rates and subsidence rates are constructed. Results show that both two basins are characterized by analogous sedimentation rates and subsidence rates in the syn-rift stage, but significant discrepancies are revealed in the post-rift stage. Episodic sedimentary and tectonic evolution characteristics are revealed in the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin, sedimentation rates are characterized by “two rapid sedimentation periods and three slow sedimentation periods” and subsidence rates are characterized by “two rapid subsidence periods and one slow subsidence period”. But the sedimentation rates are characterized by “graben” style evolution, and the subsidence rates are characterized by “step-up” style evolution in the Qiongdongnan Basin. The “step-up” subsidence rates in the Qiongdongnan Basin might be controlled by activities of the Hainan mantle plume which moved northwestward derived from the dextral strike-slip of the Red River Fault. And it coincided with the magmatism and the subsidence rate in the northwest margin of the South China Sea. The distribution of the rapid deposition and accelerated subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin after 1.8 Ma BP could be mainly controlled by the meanwhile dextral strike-slip of the Red River Fault.
- Zhujiang River Estuary Basin /
- Qiongdongnan Basin /
- deep water areas /
- tectonic evolution /
- sedimentary evolution /
- comparative study

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图 1 琼东南盆地和珠江口盆地构造单元分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of the structural units in the Qiongdongnan Basin and the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin

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图 2 艾里地壳均衡理论示意图

Fig. 2 Sketch principle map of Airy theory of isostasy

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图 3 珠江口盆地（a）及琼东南盆地沉降史曲线（b）

Fig. 3 The subsidence history curves of the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin (a) and the Qiongdongnan Basin (b)

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图 4 珠江口盆地（a）和琼东南盆地（b）沉降速率

Fig. 4 The subsidence rates in the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin (a) and the Qiongdongnan Basin (b)

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图 5 珠江口盆地（a）及琼东南盆地（b）沉积速率

Fig. 5 The sedimentation rates in the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin (a) and the Qiongdongnan Basin (b)

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图 6 珠江口盆地（a）和琼东南盆地（b）沉积速率与沉降速率对比

Fig. 6 Comparative of the sedimentation rates and subsidence rates in the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin (a) and the Qiongdongnan Basin (b)

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表 1 珠江口盆地深水区钻井和模拟井构造位置分布

Tab. 1 Tectonic locations of the drilling and simulation wells in the deep water area of the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin

井名	LW31	Z1	Z2	Z3	Z4	Z5
构造位置	白云凹陷东南缘	白云凹陷中心	白云凹陷南部	荔湾凹陷	南部隆起西部	南部隆起东部

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表 2 琼东南盆地深水区钻井和模拟井构造位置分布表

Tab. 2 Tectonic locations of the drilling and simulation wells in the deep water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin

井名	LS33	LS22	YC35	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6
构造位置	陵南低凸起北部	乐东−陵水凹陷东部	乐东−陵水凹陷西部	乐东−陵水凹陷东部	陵南低凸起中部	松南−宝岛凹陷	长昌凹陷西缘	北礁凸起	长昌凹陷中心

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表 3 琼东南盆地深水区L33井参数表（位置见图1）^{[40, 47]}

Tab. 3 The data of L33 Well in the deep water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin (see the location in Fig.1)^{[40, 47]}

界面名称	界面深度/m	年龄/Ma	地层名称	最小古水深/m	最大古水深/m	沉积环境	岩性编码
海床表面	1 462.8	0	乐山组	1 462.8	1 462.8	半深海	1.57
T20	2 214.5	1.8	乐山组	1 000	1 200	半深海	1.57
T28	2 491.5	3.2	莺歌海组	900	1 100	半深海	1.65
T30	2 630	5.5	莺歌海组	800	1 000	半深海	1.65
T31	2 955.5	8.2	黄流组	700	900	外陆架和半深海	1.67
T40	3 150	11.6	黄流组	0	50	外陆架和半深海	1.67
T41	3 331	13.4	梅山组	50	200	外陆架	1.65
T50	3 450	16	梅山组	50	200	外陆架	1.65
T52	3 519	18.3	三亚组	0	50	陆表海	1.65
T60	3 608	23	三亚组	0	20	陆表海	1.65
T62	3 844	25.5	陵水组	50	200	浅海	1.67
T70	4 008	28.4	陵水组	0	50	滨浅海	1.67
T71	4 048	29.9	崖城组	0	50	滨海	1.57
T80	4 243	32	崖城组	0	30	海陆交互	1.57
T100	5 300	45	岭头组	0	0	湖泊	1.5

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表 4 珠江口盆地深水区L31井参数表（位置见图1）^[50]

Tab. 4 The data of L31 Well in the deep water area of the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin (see the location in Fig.1)^[50]

界面名称	界面深度/m	年龄/Ma	地层名称	最小古水深/m	最大古水深/m	沉积环境	岩性编码
海床表面	1 480	0	万山组	1 480	1 480	深海	2
SB5.5	1 986	6	万山组	1 390	1 450	深海	2
SB10.5	2 094	11.9	粤海组	1 290	1 420	深海	2
SB12.5	2 200	13.2	韩江组	1 220	1 400	深海	2
SB13.8	2 519	14.3	韩江组	950	1 150	深海	2
SB15.5	2 666	15.5	韩江组	860	1 060	深海	2
SB16.5	2 730	16.3	韩江组	840	1 040	深海	2
SB17.5	2 793	17.2	珠江组	700	900	深海	2
MFS18.5	2 885	17.9	珠江组	800	1 000	深海	2
SB21	3 064	19.8	珠江组	600	800	深海	1.90
SB23.8	3 114	23.03	珠江组	0	20	浅海陆架	1.97
ZHSB6	3 156	24.4	珠海组	0	20	滨浅海	1.59
ZHSB5	3 330	26	珠海组	50	200	前三角洲	1.71
ZHSB4	3 502	27	珠海组	50	200	前三角洲	1.87
ZHSB3	3 623	27.8	珠海组	50	100	三角洲前缘	1.69
ZHSB2	3 728	29	珠海组	0	50	滨浅海	1.74
T70	3 971	33	恩平组	0	50	滨浅海	1.96
T80	4 418	39	神狐−文昌组	0	30	湖泊	1.31
Tg	5 052	66	神狐−文昌组	0	0	湖泊	1.38

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表 5 珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地去压实参数表^{[23, 27]}

Tab. 5 The decompaction parameters of the Zhujiang River Estuary Basin and the Qiongdongnan Basin^{[23, 27]}

岩性	珠江口盆地			琼东南盆地
岩性	骨架密度/（g·cm⁻²）	初始孔隙度/%	压实系数/（10⁻³ m⁻¹）	骨架密度/（g·cm⁻²）	初始孔隙度/%	压实系数/（10⁻³ m⁻¹）
泥岩	2.72	66	0.932	2.72	69	1.18
砂岩	2.65	39	0.303	2.65	43	0.45

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